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《造林学》成为现代学科,始于1764年,德国人R.Hager著《造林学》,中国则于1933年,陈嵘著《造林学概要》和《造林学各论》始成为现代学科。现代《造林学》内容,世界各国不尽相同,一是以森林生态为基础,通过人工或天然完成造林井进行育林的《造林学》,二是限于人工造林和更新,而不包括营林的《造林学》,三是通过人工造林和更新,在成林后汇同天然林纳入营林的《造林学》。现代《造林学》的发展,是从林木生长规律与群体生态学的观点来阐明其现象和本质,并加以培育改造,使充分发挥森林多种效能,以达到良好的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益。现代《造林学》要求加强科学研究,把各项技术和立地类型、定量间伐、生长模拟的实施,从定性向定量过渡,以达到林木速生丰产、优质。运用电子计算机和机械化、自动化成果,以实现造林技术的现代化。
“Afforestation” has become a modern discipline, beginning in 1764, the German R. Hager “afforestation” in China in 1933, Chen Rong “Afforestation Summary” and “afforestation theory” became a modern discipline. The content of modern “afforestation” is different in all countries in the world. The first one is afforestation based on forest ecology, and afforestation is completed through artificial or natural afforestation wells. The second is confined to afforestation and reforestation, not including afforestation “Afforestation”; third, through afforestation and reforestation, after afforestation, remit the natural forests into silviculture “afforestation.” The development of modern “afforestation science” is to elucidate the phenomenon and essence of the afforestation science from the point of view of law of growth of trees and community ecology, and to cultivate and transform them so as to give full play to various efficiency of forests so as to achieve good ecological benefits, economic benefits, social benefit. Modern “afforestation” requires strengthening scientific research, the various types of technology and site type, quantitative thinning, the implementation of growth simulation, from qualitative to quantitative transition in order to achieve fast-growing forest yield, high quality. Use computer and mechanization, automation results, in order to achieve afforestation technology modernization.