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目的分析我国不同地区汉族18～20岁应征男性青年体格发育现状和地区差异,为医学研究提供参考数据。方法采用大样本抽样调查方法,对全国31个省(市、自治区)100个县(区)73000名男性应征青年的体格状况进行调查,对12项体表指标进行测量。以其中的汉族18～20岁男青年调查数据为基本数据,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果我国汉族应征男青年平均身高为(169.1±5.5)cm,平均体重为(58.1±8.3)kg,平均胸围为(82.6±5.8)cm,平均体质指数(BMI)为(20.3±2.5)kg/m2,平均维尔维克指数为(83.2±7.0)。男青年身高北方比南方高1.7cm;体重北方比南方重3.5kg;下肢长和上肢长北方比南方分别长1.5和0.5cm;胸围、腰围和臀围北方比南方分别宽1.8,1.2和2.2cm。身高城市比乡村高1.8cm;体重城市比乡村重1.7kg;下肢长和上肢长城市比乡村分别长1.1和0.7cm;胸围、腰围和臀围城市比乡村分别宽1.8,2.2和1.8cm。胸围指数和维尔维克指数均表现为从东北向西南逐渐降低的趋势。肩宽指数西北地区最小为23.1,西南、华东地区最大为24.5和24.4。坐高身长指数东北最小为52.8,华东最大为54.6。躯干腿长指数东北最大为90.4,华东最低为84.0。各营养指标均为东北、华北地区最高,而西北、西南地区最低。结论中国汉族男青年体格发育水平的地域差异较为明显。应进一步研究不同地区不同地理环境、气候、经济对青少年体型的影响。
Objective To analyze the status quo and regional differences of physical development of male youth aged 18-20 in different areas of China, and provide reference data for medical research. Methods A large sample survey method was used to investigate the physical condition of 73,000 young male candidates in 100 counties (districts) of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China, and 12 body surface indexes were measured. Based on the survey data of Han nationality from 18 to 20 years old, the data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Results The average height of male youth recruited from Han nationality in our country was (169.1 ± 5.5) cm, the average body weight was (58.1 ± 8.3) kg, the mean chest circumference was (82.6 ± 5.8) cm and the average body mass index (BMI) was (20.3 ± 2.5) m2, and the mean Vervik index was (83.2 ± 7.0). The height of the young male is 1.7cm higher than the south in the north; the weight is 3.5kg heavier than the south in the north; the length of the lower limb is 1.5 and 0.5cm longer than the south in the north and the width is 1.8, 1.2 and 2.2cm . The height of the city is 1.8cm higher than that of the village. The weight of the city is 1.7kg heavier than that of the village. The length of the lower limbs and the upper limbs of the Great Wall are 1.1 and 0.7cm longer than the countryside respectively. The bust, waist circumference and hip city are 1.8, 2.2 and 1.8cm wider than the villages respectively. Bust index and Wilkens index all showed a trend of decreasing gradually from northeast to southwest. Shoulder width index is the smallest in Northwest 23.1, Southwest, East China up to 24.5 and 24.4. Sitting height index for the Northeast minimum of 52.8, East China up to 54.6. Trunk leg length index up to 90.4 in Northeast China, East China is the lowest 84.0. The nutritional indicators are the northeast, the highest in North China, while the lowest in Northwest and Southwest China. Conclusions The geographical differences of physical development of Chinese Han nationality boys are more obvious. Should further study in different regions of different geographical environment, climate, economy on the impact of adolescents.