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第一次鸦片战争中,英国侵略军于1841年强占香港前,义律曾发布公告,诡称“他和中国钦差大臣(琦善)已经签订了初步协定”。协定内容包括“香港本岛及港口割让与英王”等内容。这就是人们所说的《穿鼻草约》。此后,中外许多关于鸦片战争的著作和论文都沿袭此说,认定琦善与义律签订《穿鼻草约》,答应将香港割让给英国。其实,《穿鼻草约》是地地道道的讹诈,实属莫须有。 全面考察义律与琦善在广州附近谈判的整个过程,所谓“穿鼻草约”问题便真象大白。 琦善与义律的谈判,是从1840年11月底开始的。早在1840年8月9日,义律等在天津呈递英国外交大臣巴麦斯顿致“清国宰相书”中,即提出了赔款及割让一岛或数岛的无理要求。琦善11月29日到达广州后,义律12月7日便迫不急待地要求琦善根据英方提出的条件缔约签字。义律照会中说:“本公使大臣,会同前统帅公使大臣懿,于本年7、8月
In the first Opium War, before the British Invading Force seized Hong Kong in 1841, the righteous law had issued a public notice saying that “he and the Chin State Minister (Qi Shan) have already signed the preliminary agreement.” The agreement includes “Hong Kong Island and Port Cessation and the King” and so on. This is what people call “nosebleeds”. Since then, many Chinese and foreign writings and essays on the Opium War have followed this theory, and found Qi Shan and Righteousness to sign the Treaty of Brihstone and promise to cede Hong Kong to the United Kingdom. In fact, “wearing a nosebath about” is an out-and-out blackmail, which is unwarranted. A comprehensive study of the relationship between righteousness and Qi Shan in Guangzhou near the negotiation process, the so-called “nosebleed about” the problem is crystal clear. Qi Shan and justice righteous negotiations, from the end of November 1840 began. As early as August 9, 1840, the righteous law was presented in Tianjin with the letter of the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Britain, Foreign Minister Bartisdon, in Tianjin, that he made unreasonable demands for indemnity and cessation of an island or islands. Qi Shan arrived in Guangzhou on November 29, the righteous law on December 7 will be in no hurry to request Qishan signed under the terms of the British side. The righteousness will be said: "The Minister, in conjunction with the former commander in chief minister Yi, in July and August this year