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19世纪的英国处在一个经历重大变化的时期,繁华的表象之下,各种社会矛盾十分尖锐,同时科学的发展,工业化的进程,都对当时人们的生活以及思想产生深远的影响。生活在这一历史时期的理查德·杰弗理斯,在这样的社会历史背景下,加之个人生活经历,形成了其独特的自然观:一、作为自然的一部分,人类应与自然和谐共处。二、自然中不存在任何目的,计划和任何设计。自然存在于人类之外,甚至在一定意义上与人性相悖。三、自然与人类社会生活形成对比:自然是美丽丰盈的,而人类的生活却那么悲惨。四、人类应该如何开发利用自然,这取决于人自已——自然可以成为人类生活的理想模式,可以成为人们受伤时具有疗伤作用的避难所;如果人类不善利用或者一味破坏自然,其结果将是灾难性的。
In the 19th century, the United Kingdom was in a time of great changes and prosperous appearances. All kinds of social conflicts were very sharp. At the same time, the development of science and the process of industrialization all had a profound impact on people’s life and thoughts at that time. Living in this historical period of Richard Jeffries, in this social and historical context, combined with personal life experience, formed its unique concept of nature: First, as a natural part of mankind should be in harmony with nature . Second, there is no purpose in nature, plans and any design. Naturally exists outside of human beings, and even in a certain sense, contrary to human nature. Third, the contrast between nature and the social life of mankind: nature is beautiful and rich, but human life is so miserable. How humans should exploit and utilize nature depends on their own nature - nature can be an ideal model for human life and can be a sanctuary for the healing of people when they are injured. If human beings are not good at using or blindly destroying nature, the result will be Disastrous.