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在西方政治伦理学术史上,有许多学派认为权利与美德是不相容的。有些社群主义者认为权利主张会导致分散的、原子化的个人,而陷入自私自利,国家越倾向于保护个人权利,人们就越少可能成为有美德的;而有些自由主义者则认为国家鼓励和促进个人的美德的塑造培养,就会造成权利的侵犯。实际上,权利与美德有着基本的同构性,它们都致力于服务于我们对好生活的追求;权利的实践使我们能批判性地反思社群的健全价值,从而为我们自觉参与社群生活实践,进而塑造自己的美德提供价值前提和广阔的空间,所以二者从根本上说是相容的。
In the history of western political ethics, many schools think that rights and virtues are incompatible. Some communitarians believe that the claim of power leads to scattered, atomized individuals that fall into selfishness and the more the nation tends to protect individual rights, the less likely it is that people may become virtuous; while some liberals think that the state Encouraging and promoting the cultivation of personal virtues will result in infringement of rights. In fact, there is a basic homogeneity of rights and virtues, all of which are devoted to serving our pursuit of good life. The practice of rights enables us to critically reflect on the sound value of the community so as to consciously participate in the community life Practice, and then shape their own virtue to provide value premises and a vast space, so the two are fundamentally compatible.