Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids,16 CSB lines,TM-1,and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS,Anyang,Henan Province and Xiajin,Shandong Province,China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration,whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured,respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect,and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity,micronaire,and fiber strength were measured. Significantly,positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality,respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size,to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding,it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits,and using CSB01,CSB11Sh,and CSB06 to improve fiber length. Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA / ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additives and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration. and boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight CSB01 and CSB12Sh were observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable to use CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh , and CSB06 to improve fiber length.