副词too用法种种

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   2003年高考英语单项选择题有这样一道题:
   Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.
   A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
   答案为A该题测试了考生正确运用副词too与限定词much一起构成短语用作修饰词这一结构。副词too在英语句式既可单独用作修饰词,也可以与其它词一起作修饰词。将副词too究竟有哪几种常见用法呢?
   一、单个副词too用作修饰词
   1. too用作副词,意为“也、并且、还”,用于肯定句结构中,常位于句末,也可置于句首或紧跟在主语之后,但都常用逗号隔开。
   例如 She plays the piano, and sings,too. 他会弹钢琴,也会唱歌。
   You, too, may have a try. 你也可试一试。
   注:too, as well, also, either表示“也”用法区别:
   ① too, as well, also均指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致。但这三个词的雅俗程度和句中的位置有所不同。also含有较庄重的色彩,通常用于主要动词之前(但若主要动词是be,则置于其后)。
   例如 He speaks French and he also writes it.他会说法语,也会写法语。
   ② too和as well较为通俗,常用于句末。
   例如 I have read the book and I’ve seen the film, too/as well.我看过这本书,也看过这部电影。
   ③ either表示“也”,常用于否定句,置于句末。
   例如 They haven’t phoned and they haven’t written, either. 他们没有来过电话,而且也没有来过信。
   2. too用作副词,意为“太、过分、过度”,在句中用来修饰形容词、副词或修饰一个由形容词限定的单数名词,构成too + adj. + a/an + 单数名词。在这一结构中,常表示说话人带有一种否定的语气。
   例如—It’s fine now. Let’s go swimming.
   —I’m afraid it’s too cold.
   3. too用作副词, 在句中用来加强语气,无具体意义,表示惊讶,通常为一种不愉快的语气,句末常用感叹号。
   例如 I had flu last week, and I was on holiday too! 我上个星期得了流感,当时我还在度假呢!
   4. too用作副词,意为“非常、很”,在句中修饰形容词、副词,相当于very,但语气比very强。
   例如 He is not too well these days. 这几天他身体不太好。
   二.、副词too与其它词一起构成短语用作修饰词
   1. 副词too置于副词much (a little)之后,构成much (a little) too…,后常接形容词、副词。意为“实在太……,(稍微……)”。
   例如 This shirt is a little too large for my daughter. 这衬衫我女儿穿起来稍大一些。
   2. 副词too置于形容词much, many, little, few之前,构成too many (few) + 复数名词,too much (little) + 不可数名词,意为“太多(少)……”。
   例如 We have too many things to do at present. 我们目前要做的事实在是太多了。
   注意 (1)too many (much, few, little)也可用作名词短语,在句中作主语或宾语。
   例如 You have given me too much. 你给我的太多了。
   (2) too much用作表语,构成be too much for sb.意为“非某人力所能及、对某人来说受不了(忍无可忍)”。
   例如 A cycling holiday would be too much for an unfit person like me. 像我这种身体,骑自行车度假力不从心。
   (3)too much用作副词短语,修饰谓语动词,相当于very much,意为“十分、很”。
   例如 Her work has been too much ignored(忽视)for too long. 她的工作长期以来太不受重视了。
   3. 副词too与can’t或can never连用,构成can’t (never)… + too …。意为“怎么样也不过分”。
   例如 One can never be too careful in one’s work. 一个人工作越细心越好。
   4. 副词too与不定式to do (not to do)连用,构成too…to do (not to do) sth. 意为“太……以致于不(以致于不会不)……”。
   例如 He is too old to work for his bread. 他年纪太大了不能赚钱糊口了。
   5. 副词too与all, only, quite等副词连用,构成all too…“太……”;only too…“非常、实在太……”;quite too…“简直太……”。
   例如 Nowadays trains goes all too fast and we can arrive in Beijing from here in two hours. 如今火车速度实在是太快了,我们从这儿到北京两个小时之内就能到达。
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