在运用和修理铁路干线、工业交通运输和地下铁道用的机车车辆的过程中,甚至在动力设备和自动电话局里,需要定期观测和检查某些个别零件和部件,以便确定它们的完好率。例如,为了查明断头、裂缝和其他损伤,经常检查车辆和机车上的重要活动零件和部件。检查安装在难以接近、光线微弱部位的部件是非常困难的。为此,常常必须拆开部件,相应地使用适当的各种技术工具。这样就降低了劳动生产率和检查的准确性。马吉列夫斯基机械制造工程学院和乌拉尔铁道电力工程学院共同研制了一种光导纤维探伤器,用来检查重要部件。探伤器由柔软的相干光导管和几何光学镜片组成。同现行的 PBП型透镜式的光学内窥镜相比,光导纤维探伤器具有一系列的优点:它能清晰地反映所检查部位的影象,并能够保证沿着任何弯曲的轨道传播。它还具有体积较小、使用范围广和鉴别率 During the process of using and repairing rolling stock for railway lines, industrial transport and mass transit, even in power equipment and automatic telephone exchanges, it is necessary to regularly observe and inspect certain individual parts and components in order to determine their intactness. For example, important parts and components of movement on vehicles and locomotives are frequently inspected to detect breakage, cracks and other damage. It is very difficult to inspect parts installed in hard-to-access, low-light locations. For this reason, it is often necessary to disassemble the components and use appropriate technical tools accordingly. This reduces labor productivity and inspection accuracy. Maggi Levski Institute of Mechanical Engineering and the Ural Railway Electric Power Engineering Institute jointly developed a fiber optic flaw detector, used to inspect important components. Flaw detectors are made of soft, coherent light guides and geometrical optics. Compared with the current PBП-type optical endoscope, optical fiber detector has a series of advantages: it can clearly reflect the image of the inspection site, and can ensure that along any curved track propagation. It also has a smaller, wide range of use and identification rate