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目的分析文水县布鲁菌病(brucellosis,布病)流行特征,探讨防治对策,为采取积极有效的防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对文水县2012-2014年布病疫情资料分析。结果2012-2014年共报告布病177例,2012年其发病率为10.35/10万,2013年为16.08/10万,2014年为14.87/10万。时间分布上,该病全年均有发病,高峰在3~6月,共93例(52.54%)。人群分布上,男性146例(82.49%);女性31例(17.51%),男女比例为4.7∶1;且各年龄段均有发病,但集中在30~60岁,共139例(78.53%),其中,发病人数最多的为50~60岁,为46例(25.99%),其次为40~50岁和60~70岁组,分别为38例(21.47%)和37例(20.90%)。职业分布上,该病发病以农牧业为主,共162例(91.53%)。病原学检测21例,检出布氏菌15株,阳性率为71.43%,菌种全部为羊3型。结论在文水县,布病冬、春季节高发,病例以男性、青壮年、农牧民为主,提示当前人感染布病的主要感染途径仍为与牲畜的密切接触。病原学监测资料显示当前布氏菌以羊3型为流行种。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis (brucellosis) in Wenshui County and to explore the countermeasures for its prevention and treatment so as to provide a scientific basis for taking active and effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of brucellosis in Wenshui County from 2012 to 2014. Results A total of 177 cases of brucellosis were reported in 2012-2014, with a prevalence of 10.35 / 100 000 in 2012, 16.08 / 100 000 in 2013 and 14.87 / 100 000 in 2014. Time distribution, the incidence of disease throughout the year, the peak in March to June, a total of 93 cases (52.54%). There were 146 males (82.49%) and 31 females (17.51%) with a ratio of 4.7:1. There were also incidences in all age groups, but the prevalence was in the range of 30-60 years (139 cases, 78.53%). Among them, the highest incidence was 50-60 years old, 46 cases (25.99%), followed by 40-50 years old and 60-70 years old group, which were 38 cases (21.47%) and 37 cases (20.90%). Occupational distribution, the incidence of disease mainly agriculture and animal husbandry, a total of 162 cases (91.53%). 21 cases were detected by etiological test, 15 strains of brucellosis were detected, the positive rate was 71.43%. All the strains were sheep type 3. Conclusions In Wenshui County, the incidence of brucellosis is higher in spring and spring. The main cases are male, young adults and peasants and herdsmen, suggesting that the main pathways of infection of brucellosis in humans are still close contact with livestock. Etiological monitoring data show that the current Brevibacterium sheep type 3 as a popular species.