实验,是自然教学中常用的教学方法之一。在实验过程中,影响实验结果的因素很多:如种子发芽的实验中,温度的高低、水分的多少,以及种子本身是否具有发芽能力等等,都会影响到实验的结果。因此,我们必须对实验过程加以控制。 在影响实验结果的各种因素中,我们希望有的因素保持恒定。不致因它们的变化而使实验结果受到影响,这样的因素我们称之为无关因素:而有的因素我们则有目的地使它发生某种变化,看实验结果随之发生怎样的变化,这样的因素 Experiments are one of the commonly used teaching methods in nature teaching. In the experimental process, there are many factors that affect the experimental results. For example, in the experiment of seed germination, the temperature, the amount of water, and whether the seed itself has the ability to germinate will affect the experimental results. Therefore, we must control the experimental process. Of the various factors affecting the experimental results, we hope that some factors will remain constant. It is not because of their changes that the experimental results are affected. Such factors are called irrelevant factors: while some factors we purposely make it undergo some kind of change, and see how the experimental results change. factor