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目的:探讨南京市麻疹流行病学特点及临床特征,为制定相关防控措施提供科学依据。方法:对我院自2008年1月至2015年12月收治的麻疹住院患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:8年间共收治麻疹患者5 020例,2009年、2013年和2015年麻疹患病较多,4月呈现麻疹发病高峰,主要发病年龄段在9个月~2岁人群,>21岁的成人麻疹病例呈现增多趋势,约有44.04%出现并发症,出现1或2种并发症患者占多数,4种并发症的年龄分布有差异(F=11.99,P<0.001)。结论:2008年至2015年南京市麻疹病例发病具有周期性和季节性;成人发病呈现增多趋势,因此除做好适龄儿童麻疹疫苗常规免疫外,还应注重成人强化免疫工作;需加强对患有多种并发症的麻疹患儿的早期诊断及救治,降低重型麻疹的发生率及患儿病死率。
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of measles in Nanjing and to provide a scientific basis for making relevant prevention and control measures. Methods: The clinical data of hospitalized measles patients admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 5 020 cases of measles were treated in 8 years. Measles prevalence was higher in 2009, 2013 and 2015, with the highest incidence of measles in April. The main age of onset was 9 months to 2 years of age and> 21 years of age There was an increasing trend of adult measles cases, with a complication rate of 44.04%. One or two kinds of complications appeared in the majority. There were differences in the age distribution of the four complications (F = 11.99, P <0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of measles cases in Nanjing was cyclical and seasonal from 2008 to 2015. The incidence of measles in adults showed an increasing trend. Therefore, in addition to routine immunization of measles vaccine in children of age, emphasis should be placed on the work of strengthening immunization in adults. A variety of complications of measles in children with early diagnosis and treatment, reduce the incidence of heavy measles and mortality in children.