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试验观察油橄榄7个品种花朵的物候期,研究油橄榄2个不同品种完全花与雄花的花粉粒的大小及形态、花粉生活力的变化及花粉畸形率。结果显示:(1)在油橄榄7个品种中,“莱星”花期时间最长达20天,“皮削利”花期最短仅为16天;(2)油橄榄花粉粒形态相近均为长球形,但大小略有差异,赤道面为近椭圆形,具3个萌发沟,外壁纹饰清晰且呈穴网状;(3)“城固32号”和“鄂植8号”2种品种完全花花粉大小为263.16~245.06μm×181.96~173.86μm、雄花花粉大小为267.32~244.09μm×180.41~161.55μm,花粉形状指数(P/E)的变幅范围为1.44~1.52;(4)“城固32号”和“鄂植8号”2种品种的完全花与雄花的花粉畸形率均低于16.00%;(5)在4h内“鄂植8号”完全花的花粉生活力最高可达93.38%,“鄂植8号”雄花的花粉活力较为稳定,4~36h时段花粉生活力为73.94%~62.08%,在36h时段“城固32号”完全花的花粉生活力最低仅为49.84%。
The phenophase of seven cultivars of Olea europaea was observed. The size and morphology of pollen grains, pollen viability and pollen deformity in two complete cultivars of Olea europaea were studied. The results showed as follows: (1) Among the seven olive cultivars, “Leixing” had the highest flowering time of 20 days and the shortest of “Piper shali” was only 16 days; (2) For the long sphere, but slightly different in size, the equatorial surface is nearly oval, with three germination ditch, the outer wall ornamentation clear and acupuncture network; (3) “City solid 32” and “E plant 8 The complete pollen size of two cultivars was 263.16 ~ 245.06μm × 181.96 ~ 173.86μm, the male pollen size was 267.32 ~ 244.09μm × 180.41 ~ 161.55μm, and the range of pollen shape index (P / E) was 1.44 ~ 1.52 ; (4) pollen deformity rate of complete flower and male flower of ”Chenggu 32“ and ”Ezhi 8“ were lower than 16.00%; (4) The pollen viability of the complete flower pollen was as high as 93.38%. The pollen viability of the male pollen of ”Hubei Plant No.8“ was relatively stable, and the pollen viability of 4 ~ 36h was 73.94% ~ 62.08% Solid 32 ”completely pollen viability of the lowest was only 49.84%.