Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,Chinas influence of science and technology has significantly increased and attracted worldwide attention.For instance,as part of the consequences from the very rapid 10％ annual growth of R&D investment on the average,the accumulated number of SCI papers by Chinese authors during 2007-17 and their citations are both ranked the second in the world.However,it has long been realized that the existing metrics applied in S&T evaluation with emphasis mainly on quantitative measures,such as the number of publications,citations and honorific titles,has significant negative impacts on the development of science and technology in China.This trend has seriously affected and even destroyed the normal academic ecology.Therefore,reform of S&T evaluation becomes a must for China,and now it is at a critical stage to promote a sound change from quantity-to quality-oriented evaluation for innovation activities.Efforts must be made to depress the growing trend in overweighting quantitative metrics and to develop evaluation systems that are based primarily on the quality of research outcomes so as to ensure that the most important original scientific and technological breakthroughs are achieved.In fact,it has already reached a consensus among Chinese govement and the scientific community to reform this countrys science evaluation.According to the result of a large-scale survey among the R&D community that we have just accomplished,98.2％ of experts said that it is ecessaryorhighly necessary and urgent o reform the current science-evaluation system.