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熔锥型保偏耦合器的传输特性决定了其光学原理与功能的实现。为了从理论上分析各参量对保偏耦合器传输特性的影响,基于热-结构-电磁多物理场耦合理论,建立了熔锥型熊猫光纤耦合器双锥模型,应用有限元法,分析了各参量对熊猫光纤耦合器传输特性的影响。结果表明应力区与包层折射率差影响耦合区纵向电磁场的分布,折射率差越大,纵向电磁场分布的变形也越大;HE1x1模和HEy11模的传播常量对偏振主轴角度差不敏感,偏振主轴角度差是通过耦合系数进而影响保偏光纤耦合器的消光比的;HE1x1模的传播常量对熔锥的熔锥区横截面椭圆率比较敏感,横截面椭圆率变化6.67%时Δβx11变化0.14%,计算结果表明当熔锥区横截面椭圆率为0.56时可获得较高性能的耦合器。
Melt-cone type polarization maintaining coupler transmission characteristics determine the realization of its optical principles and functions. In order to theoretically analyze the influence of various parameters on the transmission characteristics of polarization-maintaining couplers, a double cone model of fused-tapered panda optical fiber coupler is established based on the thermo-structure-electromagnetic multiphysics coupling theory. The finite element method Influence of parameters on the transmission characteristics of Panda fiber coupler. The results show that the difference of the refractive index between the stress zone and the cladding affects the longitudinal electromagnetic field distribution in the coupling zone. The larger the refractive index difference, the larger the deformation of the longitudinal electromagnetic field distribution. The propagation constants of the HE1x1 and HEy11 modes are insensitive to the angular difference of the polarization axis, Spindle angle difference is affected by the coupling coefficient and thus the extinction ratio of PM fiber coupler. The propagation constant of HE1x1 mode is sensitive to the ellipticity of the cross section of the taper cone. The change of Δβx11 is 0.14% when the ellipticity change of cross section is 6.67% The calculated results show that the coupler with higher performance can be obtained when the ellipticity of the cross section of molten cone is 0.56.