1973～1980年合肥地区6个医院儿科出院病例共为61723人,其中死亡2019人,总病死率为3.27％。男性患儿病死率为3.28％,女性为3.25％;二者无明显差异。来自农村的住院患儿病死率为4.51％,来自城市者的病死率为1.45％。前者显著大于后者。新生儿组的病死率最高,婴儿组次之。病死率和病种关系以及病种和各年龄组的关系均在文中依次列出。本文对2019例的有关死亡因素进行了分析,并提出今后研究方向。 A total of 61,723 pediatric patients were discharged from hospitals in Hefei in the period of 1973 to 1980, of which 2019 were dead, with a total case fatality rate of 3.27%. Mortality rate of males was 3.28%, females was 3.25%; there was no significant difference between the two. In-hospital mortality in children from rural areas was 4.51% and from urban areas was 1.45%. The former is significantly larger than the latter. The neonatal group had the highest case fatality rate, followed by the infants group. The relationship between mortality and disease type, disease type and age groups are listed in the text. In this paper, 2019 cases of death-related factors were analyzed, and put forward the direction of future research.