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【目的】对中亚引种的7个大樱桃品种和国内引种的6个甜樱桃品种的物候期及果实的主要性状进行观察与测定,分析评价各品种的果实特性,为新疆南疆地区樱桃的引种栽培提供依据。【方法】针对樱桃物候期、果实外观特征和内在品质指标,采取系统观察测定和比较的方法,进行不同樱桃品种的性状分析评价。【结果】各参试品种的萌芽期和花期差异不明显,而成熟期的差异较大。中亚大樱桃品种果实发育期45~80d,可分早、中、晚熟和极晚熟品种,甜樱桃果实发育期在45~60 d,属早中熟品种;中亚大樱桃果肉各品种单果重在5.98~8.82 g,比国内引进的甜樱桃品种单果重(8.07~10.03 g)小;中亚大樱桃各品种果型变异系数小,其果型整齐度比甜樱桃品种的一致性高;中亚大樱桃可溶性固形物和糖酸比相对高于甜樱桃,风味以甜为主。【结论】中亚大樱桃在果实的表型性状和内在品质上与国内甜樱桃有差异,物候期也有不同,结合前期抗寒性研究,筛选出了‘YT07-2-1’、‘YT07-2-2’和‘YT09-10’三个适于南疆地区栽培的品质优良的中晚熟品种。
【Objective】 The objective and phenological characters of seven cherry varieties introduced from Central Asia and 6 sweet cherry varieties introduced from China were observed and measured. The fruit characteristics of all cultivars were analyzed and evaluated. Introduction provides the basis for cultivation. 【Method】 According to the phenophase, fruit appearance characteristics and internal quality indexes of cherry, systematic observation, comparison and analysis were carried out to evaluate the traits of different cherry cultivars. 【Result】 The results showed that there was no significant difference in germination stage and flowering stage among all the tested varieties, but significant differences in maturity stage. The fruit development period of Central Asia was 45 ~ 80 days, which could be divided into early, middle and late maturity and very late maturing varieties. The sweet cherry fruits developed 45-60 days and belonged to early maturing varieties. The fruit weight (5.98-8.82 g), which was smaller than that of the sweet cherry varieties (8.07-10.03 g) introduced in China. The variation coefficient of fruit type of the varieties was small and the uniformity of the fruit types was higher than that of sweet cherry varieties. Asian cherry soluble solids and sugar acid ratio is relatively higher than sweet cherry, sweet-based flavor. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that there are some differences in phenotypic traits and intrinsic quality between the cherry and the domestic sweet cherries. The phenology period is also different. Combining with the research on the cold resistance in the early stage, we screened out the ’YT07-2-1’, ’YT07- 2-2 ’and’ YT09-10 ’three suitable middle-late maturing varieties cultivated in southern Xinjiang.