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在祖国医药,历代古籍中,有关蜈蚣的记述并不少见。蜈蚣迄今仍是一味重要的中药材。为了系统整理研究中药蜈蚣,现将有关的历史予以初步考证,以供参考。一、蜈蚣的名考我国周代《尔雅》和春秋末叶,《庄子》里均有“蝍蛆”的记载。至北魏的《广雅》载有“蝍蛆,吴公也”。蜈蚣两字早出现于《名医别录》,谓“蜈蚣生大吴川谷及江南。”北宋的《蝍雅》里有蜈蚣“今俗谓之百足”的记载。“百足”一词确常用在方剂中。有一类动物其拉丁名Centipede是由centum(一百个)与ped(足)组成的。按词义说,亦正是“百足”,但拉丁的百足(centipede)是泛指地蜈蚣(Genphilomorpha)、蜈蚣(Scolopendromorpha)、石蜈蚣(Lithobio morpha)和蚰蜒(钱串)几个大类。而药用“百足”只是特指已入中药材的蜈蚣属(Scolopendra)的若干大型种类。
In the ancient Chinese medicine of the motherland, it is not uncommon for the accounts of the deafness to be recorded in ancient books. So far it is still an important Chinese herbal medicine. In order to systematically study and research the traditional Chinese medicine, the relevant history is tentatively researched for reference. I. The Names of Yi’s Names The “Ye-Ya” records of the Zhou Dynasty in China and the end of the Spring and Autumn Period have been recorded in “Zhuangzi”. The “Guangya” to the Northern Wei Dynasty contained “Yao and Wu Gong.” The two words appear early in the “Doctors Don’t Record”, saying that “the great students Wuchuan Valley and Jiangnan.” The Northern Song Dynasty’s “Yi Ya” has a record of “this popular saying is full of”. The word “hundred feet” is often used in prescriptions. There is a group of animals whose Latin name, Centipede, consists of centum (one hundred) and ped (foot). According to the meaning of the word, it is also “a hundred feet,” but the Latin centipede (centipede) refers to several categories of Genphilomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, and Ape. The medicinal “hundred feet” are just some of the major species of Scolopendra that have been added to Chinese herbal medicines.