“独立”的非洲正经历着“民族”意识的危机,而部落制就是这一危机的根源。“部落制”这个词及其所包含的思想,往往被用来说明各个派别为争夺最高权位而争斗的根源。在讨论这一问题之前,应根据历史事实来重新确定部落的概念。部落概念打上了西方文明的烙印,它描绘的是印欧语系的一种特有的社会政治组织形态。“印欧语系的部落是指城邦出现以前的一种最广泛的社会组织形态。它把一些更小的基本政治单位,即希腊人的氏族(génos)和胞族(phmta)、拉丁人的氏族(gens)和罗马人的 “Independent” Africa is experiencing a crisis of “national” awareness, and tribalism is the root cause of this crisis. The term “tribal system” and the ideas it contains are often used to illustrate the root causes of the fights among the various factions for the supremacy. Before discussing this issue, the concept of tribe should be redefined on the basis of historical facts. Tribal concept marked the mark of Western civilization, which depicts the Indo-European language is a unique form of social and political organization. "Indo-European tribes refer to the most widespread form of social organization before the advent of the city-state, combining smaller groups of basic political units, the génos and phmta, the Latin clans gens and romans