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本文指出当前节水技术推广中,存在重视供给而忽视需求的状况。进而以永定河流域的农户调查为基础,结合经验判断和计量实证,对影响农户节水技术需求的直接变量(耕作成本、耕作收益和资金投入)和外部制约因素(自然条件、经营制度、技术观念、整体经济环境、水价标准、水费收取方式和作物结构)进行了研究。分析表明:永定河流域渠灌区的农户使用节水技术的愿望不强,而井灌区有较强愿望。低压管灌方式构成了井灌区农户集体理性决策下的主要节水技术需要。个人资金投入因素对于采用低压管灌技术的影响程度较之于滴灌更高。最后指出了我国节水技术推广中存在的问题以及解决的基本思路。
This paper points out that in the current promotion of water-saving technologies, there is a situation that emphasizes supply and neglects demand. Based on the investigation of farmers in Yongding River Basin, combined with the empirical judgment and empirical measurement, the direct variables (farming cost, farming income and capital investment) and external constraints (natural conditions, management system, technology Concept, overall economic environment, water tariffs, water fee collection and crop structure). Analysis shows that: the willingness of farmers to use water-saving technology in the drainage area of Yongding River Basin is not strong, while the well irrigation area has strong desire. Low-pressure pipe irrigation methods constitute the main rational water-saving irrigation technology under the collective decision-making rational needs of farmers. The impact of personal capital input on the use of low pressure pipe irrigation technology is higher than that of drip irrigation. Finally, it points out the problems existing in the popularization of water saving technology in our country and the basic ideas for solution.