背景:针对高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等发病原因或危险因素及治疗知识在公众中进行健康教育,提高公众脑卒中防治知识水平,是降低脑卒中发病率最有效的途径及最经济的方法。目的:调查东莞地区公众对脑卒中防治知识的认知状况。设计:整群抽样与单纯随机抽样。单位:中山大学附属第五医院神经内科,中山大学附属东华医院神经内科。对象:于2001-03/06采取整群抽样与单纯随机抽样相结合的方法,对2001-03已居住于广东省东莞市城区及郊区的机关团体、企事业、各种经营形式工厂、东莞理工学院、各高级中学和郊区自然行政村,年龄满17周岁的常住居民及外来居民,随机抽取2500名进行调查。方法:参照相关文献设计修改调查表,包括人口学资料、脑卒中的一般知识、预防知识、识别知识、处理知识及获取脑卒中防治知识途径。脑卒中防治知识每项计1～4.5分,总分为60分,获取脑卒中防治知识途径不计分。每次调查1个被选单位,每次发放调查表300～600份,有500份问卷随机向来东华医院健康体检的人员发放。主要观察指标:调查表回答正确率,每类脑卒中防治知识总分,分层亚组的每类知识总分,获取防治脑卒中知识途径。结果:回收完整有效调查表2320份。①全表问题回答正确率平均为49.8%,以识别知识和处理知识较低;总分<60%者占48.2%。②每类脑卒中防治知识水平男性均高于女性(P<0.05),中老年组高于青年组(P<0.05),各类公务员、自由职业者、工人、农民、学生依次递减(P<0.05),学生与自由职业者相比差异显著(P<0.01);高、中、低文化程度也依次递减(P<0.05);有脑卒中史者高于未患者(P<0.05)。③以性别、年龄、职业及文化程度分层各亚组获取脑卒中防治知识的途径依次是阅读报刊杂志、收看广播电视、阅读科普手册、亲人朋友影响、医务人员宣教。结论:调查期间东莞地区公众脑卒中防治知识水平较低,尤其是识别知识和处理知识;应采取适当的措施进一步开展脑卒中防治知识教育。 Background: Conducting health education for the public in the cause or risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, and treatment knowledge, and raising public knowledge of stroke prevention and control are the most effective ways to reduce the incidence of stroke and the most economical method. Objective: To investigate the public awareness of stroke prevention and control in Dongguan. Design: Cluster sampling and simple random sampling. Unit: Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Neurology, Donghua Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Subject: Method of combining cluster sampling with simple random sampling in 2001-03/06. For 2001-03, organizations, institutions, enterprises, various forms of management factories, Dongguan University of Technology, have lived in the urban and suburban areas of Dongguan, Guangdong Province. The college, senior high schools, and suburban natural administrative villages, permanent residents and foreign residents aged 17 and over, randomly selected 2,500 people for investigation. Methods: Refer to the relevant literature for designing and modifying questionnaires, including demographic data, general knowledge of stroke, prevention knowledge, knowledge recognition, knowledge processing, and access to stroke prevention knowledge. The stroke prevention knowledge is 1 to 4.5 points for each item, and the total score is 60 points. The knowledge of stroke prevention and control is not scored. Each time one surveyed a selected unit, 300 to 600 questionnaires were distributed each time, and 500 questionnaires were randomly sent to Donghua Hospital for physical examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires to answer the correct rate, the total score of stroke prevention and control knowledge for each category, and the total score for each category of stratified subgroups to obtain access to stroke prevention knowledge. Results: 2320 copies of completed and effective questionnaires were recovered. 1 The average answer rate of the full-table question is 49.8%, and the knowledge and processing knowledge are low; the total score is <60%, accounting for 48.2%. 2The knowledge level of stroke prevention and control among men was higher than that of women (P<0.05). The middle-aged and older groups were higher than the youth group (P<0.05), and all types of civil servants, freelancers, workers, farmers, and students were successively decremented (P< 0.05), students have significant differences compared with freelancers (P<0.01); high, medium, and low education levels also decline (P<0.05); stroke history is higher than non-patients (P<0.05). 3 The methods to stratify each subgroup to obtain knowledge of stroke prevention and control based on gender, age, occupation, and education level are reading newspapers and magazines, watching radio and television, reading popular science manuals, influence of relatives and friends, and medical staff education. Conclusion: During the investigation period, public awareness of stroke prevention in Dongguan area was relatively low, especially in identifying knowledge and processing knowledge; appropriate measures should be taken to further educate stroke prevention and control knowledge.