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“共同但有区别的责任”是1992年联合国环境与发展大会所确定的国际环境合作原则,国际社会在应对气候变化这一突出的全球性环境问题上,已将这一原则作为了法律框架和基础性机制。但是各国基于对本国短期利益考虑的不同,而对该原则的理解和实施存在不同的看法。因此该原则在现实中不仅缺乏有效的保障措施并且面临许多现实的挑战。同时,随着联合国气候变化谈判进程的继续,国际环境法下的“共同但有区别的责任”原则已难以完全适应国际气候领域的诸多变化。因此,重构这一原则是势在必行的,也是成为达成新的国际气候协议的关键。然而,目前国际社会提出的种种制度性设计均无法满足当前气候政治的现实要求,重构问题任重而道远。
“Common but differentiated responsibilities ” is the principle of international environmental cooperation set forth by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development. The international community has taken this principle as a law on the prominent global environmental issue of combating climate change Framework and underlying mechanisms. However, all countries have different views on the understanding and implementation of this principle, based on their consideration of their short-term interests. Therefore, in reality, this principle not only lacks effective safeguards and faces many realistic challenges. At the same time, with the continuation of the United Nations climate change negotiation process, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” under international environmental law can hardly fully adapt to many changes in the international climate field. Therefore, reconstructing this principle is imperative and the key to reaching a new international climate agreement. However, the current institutional design proposed by the international community can not meet the current climate and political reality of the requirements, the restructuring of the long way to go.