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在形成俄罗斯文化深层特征的过程中,农村公社起到了极其重要的作用。俄国的农村公社的存在有上千年的历史,19世纪达到发展的顶峰。农村公社经历了基辅罗斯时期的维尔福、莫斯科公国的黑乡、17世纪的重分型公社,1861年改革后村社发生了较大变化,直到苏联农业集体化,村社的历史才宣告终结。村社既是农民自己的民主组织,又是官方统治农民的基层组织,在社会性质上具有双重性和矛盾性。村社孕育了俄国农民崇拜皇权、集体主义和人道主义的思想观念。
In forming the deep characteristics of Russian culture, rural communes played an extremely important role. The existence of Russian rural communes has existed for thousands of years and reached its peak of development in the 19th century. The rural communes experienced the Vilvo period of Kiev Rose, the black commune of the Principality of Moscow, the commune of the 17th century and the village community after the reform in 1861. As the collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union, the history of the village community came to an end . The village community is not only the peasant’s own democratic organization, but also the grass-roots organization of the official ruling peasantry, which is dual in nature and contradictory in nature. The village community gave birth to the notion of Russian peasants worshiping imperial power, collectivism and humanitarianism.