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“二战”期间苏联俘获了大量战俘,为了弥补劳动力的严重不足,抵补关押开支,1942年初苏联开始在建筑、采矿和冶金等多个领域中使用战俘劳动。苏联政府在优化战俘劳动组织形式,改善战俘生活和劳动条件,缓和战俘敌对情绪,激发战俘劳动潜能,改善战俘身体状况等方面采取了一些措施,使得劳动战俘的比例有所增加,劳动效率缓慢提高。然而,受战时苏联国内物资严重匮乏、劳动强度偏大、劳动条件恶劣等不利因素的影响,在整个战争期间战俘的劳动效率偏低,患病率和死亡率偏高,战俘劳动对战时苏联经济的恢复和重建影响有限。
In the course of World War II, the Soviet Union captured a large number of prisoners of war and, in order to compensate for the serious shortage of labor and to cover the costs of detention, in early 1942 the Soviet Union began to use POW labor in various fields such as construction, mining and metallurgy. The Soviet government has taken some measures to optimize the form of labor organization, improve the living and working conditions of prisoners of war, ease the hostility of the prisoners of war, stimulate the labor potential of prisoners of war, and improve the physical condition of prisoners of war. This has led to an increase in the proportion of prisoners of war and a slow increase in labor efficiency . However, due to the serious shortage of supplies in the Soviet Union at the time of the war, the labor intensity was so great that the working conditions of the prisoners of war were low and the prevalence and mortality rate were high. The prisoner of war employment against the Soviet Union Economic recovery and reconstruction have limited impact.