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目的通过总结鼻麻风的临床特征,为临床早期诊断和临床治疗提供依据与指导。方法报道一例鼻麻风,结合文献分析其临床特征、诊断和治疗。结果鼻麻风是由麻风分枝杆菌感染鼻黏膜致病,主要病损包括鼻黏膜浸润性增生肥厚、鼻麻风结节占位、鼻部骨质破坏致残致畸、全身片状皮损、周围神经炎等。鼻腔分泌物与组织抗酸染色可查见麻风杆菌及组织病理检查确诊。鼻腔手术加联合化疗可临床治愈。结论鼻麻风是细菌感染性、慢性传染性、肉芽肿性疾病,可引起鼻腔多种症状体征、全身皮损、周围神经损害甚至致残致畸,但早期症状往往不典型,临床易误诊漏诊。早期诊断,手术治疗和联合化疗是临床治疗关键。
Objective To summarize the clinical features of nasal leprosy and provide the basis and guidance for early clinical diagnosis and clinical treatment. Methods A case of nasal leprosy was reported and its clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed based on the literature. Results Nasal leprosy was caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection of the nasal mucosa. The main pathological changes were nasal mucosa infiltration hyperplasia hypertrophy, nasal leprosy nodules, nasal bone destruction and disabling teratogenicity, generalized patchy lesions, Neuritis and so on. Nasal secretions and tissue acid-fast staining can be found in Leprosy and histopathological examination confirmed. Nasal surgery combined with chemotherapy can be clinically cured. Conclusion Nasal leprosy is a bacterial infectious, chronic infectious and granulomatous disease. It can cause various symptoms and signs of the nasal cavity, general skin lesions, peripheral nerve damage and even cause residual teratogenicity. However, the early symptoms are often not typical and the clinical misdiagnosis is missed. Early diagnosis, surgical treatment and combined chemotherapy is the key to clinical treatment.