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示波器是研究各种电信号的仪器,在现代生产、生活、科研、军事、航海、航天等领域有着广泛的应用,备受高考命题专家的青睐,现将有关问题归纳如下,供参考.一、示波器的构造及工作原理示波器的核心部件是示波管,由电子枪、偏转电极和荧光屏组成,管内抽成真空,如图1所示,当偏转电极 X、X′上不加电压,电子枪射出的电子打在荧光屏上时会产生一个亮点.若在偏转电极 Y、Y′(或 X、X′)上加电压,电子在竖直(或水平)方向上会发生偏转,从而使亮斑位置改变,当电压变化很快时,亮斑位置移动也很快.如果只在水平偏转电极 X、X′上加电压,荧光屏的亮斑就在同一水平线上发生偏转,亮斑看
The oscilloscope is an instrument for studying various electrical signals. It has a wide range of applications in modern production, life, scientific research, military, navigation, aerospace and other fields. It is highly favored by college entrance examination proposition experts. Now the relevant issues are summarized as follows for reference. The oscilloscope’s structure and working principle The oscilloscope’s core component is the oscilloscope tube, which is composed of an electron gun, a deflection electrode and a fluorescent screen. The tube is evacuated into a vacuum. As shown in FIG. 1, when no voltage is applied to the deflection electrodes X and X′, the electron gun shoots. A bright spot appears when the electrons hit the screen. If a voltage is applied to the deflecting electrodes Y, Y’ (or X, X’), the electrons will be deflected in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, causing the bright spot to change position. When the voltage changes quickly, the bright spot position moves quickly. If only the voltage is applied to the horizontal deflection electrodes X, X′, the bright spot of the fluorescent screen is deflected on the same horizontal line.