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袁崇焕是明代抵抗后金(即后来的满洲)内侵的民族英雄,他的爱国主义精神和军事才能是值得人们称道的。袁崇焕生平的政治活动和明末的党争有紧密的联系。本文的主要内容,就是阐述袁崇焕和东林党的关系。一、明代后期的社会概况与东林党的形成明代自嘉靖朝到祟祯朝(一五二二——一六四三年)是社会危机日趋严重,资本主义经济因素逐渐生长的时期。由于农业、手工业和商业的发展,在东南沿海和运河、长
Yuan Chonghuan was a Ming national hero who resisted the invasion of Houjin (later Manchuria). His patriotism and military capabilities deserve commendable praise. The political activities of Yuan Chonghuan’s life are closely linked with the party struggle in the late Ming Dynasty. The main content of this article is to elaborate on the relationship between Yuan Chonghuan and Donglin Party. I. The Social Profile of the Late Ming Dynasty and the Formation of the Donglin Party A period from the Jiajing dynasty to the reign of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1522 - 1643) is a time when the social crisis is getting worse and the capitalist economic factors are gradually growing. Due to the development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce in the southeast coast and the canal, long