人口、环境,是当今世界经济发展中最紧迫的两大实际问题。人口激剧增长,环境日趋恶化,严重威胁着人口的生存与发展。因此,研究人口与环境的关系,在理论上,实际上都具有一定的意义。 本文仅就人口增长与人口控制;计划生育与市场经济;人口数量对自然环境的压力作些初步探讨。 一、人口增长与人口控制 当人口的数量、质量、观念和结构与社会、经济、环境不相协调的时候,人们一方面调节物质资料的生产,一方面调节人口生产,以期达到二者的协调。人口在其运动过程中形成的与经济、社会、环境不相协调的结果称作人口问题。人口问题的产生,既有经济因素、社会原因和环境背景,又与人口自身运动的巨大惯性有关。可见,人口问题既是个经济问题、社会问题,同时又是个环境问题,而不单是个经济体制问题。把 Population and environment are the two most pressing practical problems in the economic development of the world today. The population is growing dramatically and the environment worsens, posing a serious threat to the survival and development of the population. Therefore, the study of the relationship between population and the environment, in theory, actually have some significance. This article only on population growth and population control; family planning and market economy; population pressure on the natural environment for some preliminary discussion. I. Population Growth and Population Control When the quantity, quality, concept and structure of the population are not in harmony with the social, economic and environmental conditions, people regulate the production of material information on the one hand and population production on the other hand with a view to achieving coordination between the two . The result of the population’s uncoordinated economic, social and environmental formation during its movement is called the population issue. The emergence of population problems has both economic factors, social causes and environmental background, and is also related to the huge inertia of the population’s own movement. It can be seen that the population issue is not only an economic issue but also a social issue as well as an environmental issue, not just an issue of economic system. Put