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侵权法的价值判断存在工具主义和伦理主义两种进路的分歧,《侵权责任法》以救济功能为首要功能,并以之作为价值判断的最终准则,采取的是工具主义进路。但是《侵权责任法》并未形成价值判断的融贯性,出现了诸多背离这一价值判断立场的制度和规则设计。更重要的是,对这一价值判断立场的正当化论证并不充分。与纯粹的伦理主义进路一样,纯粹的工具主义进路必然存在难以克服的不足之处,其最大的弊端是抽离伦理要素,法律难以成为被信仰的对象。
The value judgments of tort law exist two kinds of divergences: instrumentalism and ethicalism. The tort liability law regards the relief function as the primary function and takes it as the final criterion of value judgments. It adopts the instrumentalism approach. However, Tort Liability Act does not form a coherence of value judgments, and many system and rules deviate from this value judgment standpoint. More importantly, justification of this value judgmental position is not sufficient. Like the purely ethical approach, the purely instrumentalist approach inevitably has insurmountable insufficiencies. The biggest drawback is its removal from ethical elements, which make it hard for law to become the object of belief.