阿尔都塞最引人注目的工作就是在哲学上坚持“唯物主义”。可以说,从《保卫马克思》开始,直到20世纪70年代发表的和未发表的那些文本,在他引起争论的重要理论提法形成的背后,都贯穿了这个线索。然而,在阿尔都塞那里,这条线索又是那么的不同:“唯物主义”不仅是对各种观念论、唯灵论及形形色色意识形态虚构的彻底否定,甚至更是对沾染上“哲学主义”的那一类“唯物主义”的清算与批判。在这一问题上,阿尔都 Althusser’s most striking work is to insist on “philosophical materialism.” Arguably, the texts, published and defiled from the beginning of “defending Marxism” until the 1970s, run through this thread behind the formation of important theoretical formulations of his controversy. However, in Althusser there is another difference: “Materialism” is not only a complete denial of all kinds of ideology, spiritism and the ideology of all kinds of ideology, Liquidation and Criticism of “Philosophicalism” and “Materialism”. On this issue, Althus