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鲁迅在塑造“狂人”形象时曾受过域外一些作家的影响,尤其是尼采笔下的超人。在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中尼采以超人的构造来宣布上帝的死亡,并确立新的价值观。《狂人日记》中鲁迅则创造了向中国几千年封建礼教宣战的启蒙者狂人。通过超人和狂人我们可以发现尼采和鲁迅在精神上有很多契合点,但是鲁迅在对尼采思想的接受上也有其选择性。因此,本文试就在超人与狂人之间探讨尼采和鲁迅的精神上的异同点。
Lu Xun had been influenced by some writers outside the country in shaping the image of “Madman”, especially the superhuman by Nietzsche. In the case of Zarathustra, "Nietzsche proclaimed the death of God in a superhuman structure and established new values. Lu Xun in The Madman’s Diary created the enlightened maniac who declared war on China’s feudal ethics for thousands of years. Through Superman and Madman we can find that there are many spiritual connections between Nietzsche and Lu Xun, but Lu Xun also has its own selectivity in his acceptance of Nietzsche’s thought. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the similarities and differences between Nietzsche and Lu Xun in the superman and madman.