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目的 了解ｐ５３ 基因突变、细胞倍性、细胞凋亡三者的关系，探讨突变型ｐ５３ 基因在肿瘤发生中的作用机制。方法 采用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ Ｓ Ｓ Ｃ Ｐ（ 单链构象多态性） 检测ｐ５３ 基因突变，用流式细胞仪 Ｆａｃｓｃａｎ 检测大肠癌细胞染色体倍性、凋亡率及其在细胞周期各相中的分布情况。结果 大肠癌标本ｐ５３基因突变率为５０ ％ ；其中突变组肿瘤细胞凋亡率（２２ ．１１ ％ ） 明显低于未突变组细胞凋亡率（４０ ．５７ ％ ） ，（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ；突变组异倍体细胞百分率（ 占７６ ．９ ％ ） 明显高于未突变组（ 占４６ ．２ ％ ） ，（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ；异倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为３４ ．０ ％ ，二倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为４０ ．７ ％ ，二者差异无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。结论 ｐ５３ 基因突变使肿瘤细胞凋亡率下降，进而促进肿瘤发生、发展。ｐ５３ 基因突变多见于异倍体细胞，细胞凋亡率与细胞倍性无关。
Objective To understand the relationship among p53 gene mutation, cell ploidy and apoptosis, and to explore the mechanism of the role of mutant p53 gene in tumorigenesis. Methods The p53 gene mutation was detected by P C R S S C P (single strand conformation polymorphism). The ploidy and apoptotic rate of colorectal cancer cells were detected by flow cytometry Fac scan in the cell cycle phases. The distribution of the situation. RESULTS: The mutation rate of p53 gene in colorectal cancer specimens was 50%; the apoptosis rate of tumor cells in the mutant group (22.11%) was significantly lower than that in the non-mutation group (40.57%), (P < 0.05). The percentage of aneuploid cells in the mutant group (76.9%) was significantly higher than that in the unmutated group (46.2%) (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of aneuploid tumor cells was 34. 0 % of the diploid tumor cell apoptosis rate was 40. 7 %, there was no significant difference between the two (P > 0.05). Conclusion The mutation of p53 gene can reduce the apoptosis rate of tumor cells and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. The p53 gene mutation is more common in aneuploid cells, and the rate of apoptosis is not related to cell ploidy.