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【易错点一】因为先行词不明而出错
1. 先行词与引导词形式上不一致，是导致学生出错的一个主要原因。如表时间的先行词不一定用when，表地点的先行词不一定用where，表原因的先行词不一定用why /for which等。
① Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
② This is just the place ________ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where
C. in which D. to which
句①中reason作explain的宾语，可以省略引导词，所以选A，对原因进行解释的内容在句子后面for his carelessness in his work。句②中place作宾语从句的宾语，所以选A。
2.因为句子中有插入语或先行词另有限定语等搞不清楚先行词而出错。
① He often helps the students ________he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
② She is one of the girls who________passed the exam.She is the only one of the girls who_________passed the exam.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
句①中he thinks 作插入语，先行词是students,定语从句中缺少主语,所以B正确。
句②中第一句中的who指代girls,是复数；而第二句中的who 则指代the only one，所以是单数，所以正确答案分别为D，C。
3.有些先行词从字面上看不出是关于时间的还是关于地点的。
① I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
② We’re just trying to reach a point_______both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
句中的business和 point虽然看起来不是表示地点的，但从意思“在这个行业里/在这种程度下”来看，还应该用where引导。
4.分隔式定语从句因为结构复杂影响到先行词的正确选择。
① The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in far away village.
A. until B. thatC. when D. where
② This is the best book on the subject _____has appeared this year.
A. in which B. where C. that D.when
句①中hours为先行词，因为定语从句太长所以放到补语后面，正确答案为B。句②中book为先行词，on the subject为book的定语。正确答案为C。
【易错点二】与其它从句混淆而出错
1.与what从句混淆而出错。
① Loulan city is not at all ________ a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
② Mr. Smith was so angry at all ________Bill was doing ________ he walked out angrily.
A. that, what B. that, that
C. which, which D. what, that
句①中not at all是“一点也不”的意思。正确答案为A。what引导的是表语从句，what作expect的宾语。句②中be angry at为固定短语，all为先行词，后接定语从句；all是不定代词，关系代词应该选that，第二空中的that是so … that… 结构，正确答案为B。
2. 与强调句型混淆而出错:
① Was it in this hospital ________ she lived for ten years ________ she was trained to be a real nurse?
A. that, which B. which, that
C. where, that D. that, where
② — I can’t find Mr. Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?
— It was in the hotel________ he stayed.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
句①是强调句中插入定语从句where she lived for years，正确答案为C。句②依然是强调句中插入定语从句，不过省略了强调句中的that I met him this morning 部分，正确答案为C。
3. 与同位语混淆而出错:
① He expressed his hope________he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ________ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country.
A. that, that B. which, which
C. that, which D. which, that
② — It’s thirty years since we last met.
— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
句①中第一个hope后接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，第二个hope在定语从句中当宾语，正确答案为A。句②中story后接的是同位语从句，正确答案为B。That引导的定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于:that在定语从句中既做引导词,又要充当句子成分;而在同位语从句中只引导句子,不在从句中充当成分.
【易错点三】 因为一些固定结构没有掌握好而出错
① I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
② We should read such books ________ will make us better and wiser.
A. which B. as C. whose D. what
句①中当the way作先行词时，引导词可以用that，in which,也可省略引导词，正确答案为A。句②正确答案为B，当先行词受到such, the same 修饰时，引导词多用as.
【易错点四】 在“介词+引导词”定语从句中，看不出从句中短语搭配而选错介词。
① In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
② American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as
C. about which D. with whom
句①考查短语turn to sb for help“求助于某人”。句②考查talk with sb“同某人谈话”。正确答案均为D。
【易错点五】 as引导的非限制性定语从句容易与主语从句或which引导的定语从句混淆而出错。
① As is well-known, the earth is round.（定语从句）
② It is well-known that the earth is round.（主语从句）
③ John is absent, ________is often the case.
A. whatB. that C. who D. as
当从句的谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / imagined / pointed out / said / reported / shown等被动式，或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯的意思时，常用as，且as可放在句首，而which则不能，如①； As还可用于类似插入语的句式中，而which则不可，如：as is said above, as is known all, as it is等。句③正确答案为D。
【巩固练习】
1. Is this museum __D__ they visited last month?
Is this the museum __A/C__ they visited last month?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
2. The girl got herself into a serious situation________ she was likely to lose control over the motorbike.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
3. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.
A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when
4. You must show my wife the same respect________you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
5. Because of the traffic jam ________ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by whichB. in which
C. that D. where
6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ having water is not the least.
A. for which B. to which
C. of whichD. in which
7. Nest winter ________ you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which B. when
C. in which D. while
8. In an hour, we can travel to places ______would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was she had run back in the direction________she had come.
A. of whichB. by which
C. in whichD. from which
10. This is the woman ________musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
Keys: 1. D, A/C 2-5 AABB
6-10 CBCDA☆
1. 先行词与引导词形式上不一致，是导致学生出错的一个主要原因。如表时间的先行词不一定用when，表地点的先行词不一定用where，表原因的先行词不一定用why /for which等。
① Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
② This is just the place ________ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where
C. in which D. to which
句①中reason作explain的宾语，可以省略引导词，所以选A，对原因进行解释的内容在句子后面for his carelessness in his work。句②中place作宾语从句的宾语，所以选A。
2.因为句子中有插入语或先行词另有限定语等搞不清楚先行词而出错。
① He often helps the students ________he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
② She is one of the girls who________passed the exam.She is the only one of the girls who_________passed the exam.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
句①中he thinks 作插入语，先行词是students,定语从句中缺少主语,所以B正确。
句②中第一句中的who指代girls,是复数；而第二句中的who 则指代the only one，所以是单数，所以正确答案分别为D，C。
3.有些先行词从字面上看不出是关于时间的还是关于地点的。
① I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
② We’re just trying to reach a point_______both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
句中的business和 point虽然看起来不是表示地点的，但从意思“在这个行业里/在这种程度下”来看，还应该用where引导。
4.分隔式定语从句因为结构复杂影响到先行词的正确选择。
① The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in far away village.
A. until B. thatC. when D. where
② This is the best book on the subject _____has appeared this year.
A. in which B. where C. that D.when
句①中hours为先行词，因为定语从句太长所以放到补语后面，正确答案为B。句②中book为先行词，on the subject为book的定语。正确答案为C。
【易错点二】与其它从句混淆而出错
1.与what从句混淆而出错。
① Loulan city is not at all ________ a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
② Mr. Smith was so angry at all ________Bill was doing ________ he walked out angrily.
A. that, what B. that, that
C. which, which D. what, that
句①中not at all是“一点也不”的意思。正确答案为A。what引导的是表语从句，what作expect的宾语。句②中be angry at为固定短语，all为先行词，后接定语从句；all是不定代词，关系代词应该选that，第二空中的that是so … that… 结构，正确答案为B。
2. 与强调句型混淆而出错:
① Was it in this hospital ________ she lived for ten years ________ she was trained to be a real nurse?
A. that, which B. which, that
C. where, that D. that, where
② — I can’t find Mr. Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?
— It was in the hotel________ he stayed.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
句①是强调句中插入定语从句where she lived for years，正确答案为C。句②依然是强调句中插入定语从句，不过省略了强调句中的that I met him this morning 部分，正确答案为C。
3. 与同位语混淆而出错:
① He expressed his hope________he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ________ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country.
A. that, that B. which, which
C. that, which D. which, that
② — It’s thirty years since we last met.
— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
句①中第一个hope后接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，第二个hope在定语从句中当宾语，正确答案为A。句②中story后接的是同位语从句，正确答案为B。That引导的定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于:that在定语从句中既做引导词,又要充当句子成分;而在同位语从句中只引导句子,不在从句中充当成分.
【易错点三】 因为一些固定结构没有掌握好而出错
① I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
② We should read such books ________ will make us better and wiser.
A. which B. as C. whose D. what
句①中当the way作先行词时，引导词可以用that，in which,也可省略引导词，正确答案为A。句②正确答案为B，当先行词受到such, the same 修饰时，引导词多用as.
【易错点四】 在“介词+引导词”定语从句中，看不出从句中短语搭配而选错介词。
① In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
② American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as
C. about which D. with whom
句①考查短语turn to sb for help“求助于某人”。句②考查talk with sb“同某人谈话”。正确答案均为D。
【易错点五】 as引导的非限制性定语从句容易与主语从句或which引导的定语从句混淆而出错。
① As is well-known, the earth is round.（定语从句）
② It is well-known that the earth is round.（主语从句）
③ John is absent, ________is often the case.
A. whatB. that C. who D. as
当从句的谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / imagined / pointed out / said / reported / shown等被动式，或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯的意思时，常用as，且as可放在句首，而which则不能，如①； As还可用于类似插入语的句式中，而which则不可，如：as is said above, as is known all, as it is等。句③正确答案为D。
【巩固练习】
1. Is this museum __D__ they visited last month?
Is this the museum __A/C__ they visited last month?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
2. The girl got herself into a serious situation________ she was likely to lose control over the motorbike.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
3. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.
A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when
4. You must show my wife the same respect________you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
5. Because of the traffic jam ________ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by whichB. in which
C. that D. where
6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ having water is not the least.
A. for which B. to which
C. of whichD. in which
7. Nest winter ________ you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which B. when
C. in which D. while
8. In an hour, we can travel to places ______would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was she had run back in the direction________she had come.
A. of whichB. by which
C. in whichD. from which
10. This is the woman ________musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
Keys: 1. D, A/C 2-5 AABB
6-10 CBCDA☆