日本近代文学的生成并没有像西方近代文学那样,以浪漫主义文学作为开端,而是以写实主义文学的诞生,迎来了文学的近代曙光。在阶级矛盾的背景下,明治政府加紧镇压自由民权运动。同时又确立了绝对主义天皇制,进一步压抑人民特别是青年知识分子对民主、自由的渴求,使他们深刻地体会到理想与现实的矛盾,开始排除对现实的主观的空想,而产生忠于现实的现实主义的态度。当时西欧写实主义的发展达到了顶点,日本的写实主义文学思潮正是在这种不安 The formation of Japanese modern literature does not start with the romantic literature as the Western modern literature did. Instead, it takes the birth of realistic literature and ushers in the modern dawn of literature. Against the background of class contradictions, the Meiji government stepped up its campaign against the freedom and civil rights. At the same time, the system of the Absolute Emperor was established to further suppress the desire of the people, especially the young intellectuals, for democracy and freedom so that they would profoundly understand the contradiction between ideals and reality and begin to rule out subjective fantasies about reality and produce loyalty to reality Realistic attitude. At that time, the development of realism in Western Europe culminated in the realist literary trend in Japan