综述了有机－无机纳米复合材料的最新发展，包括该类材料的制备方法、性能研究和应用前景．三种主要的纳米复合技术为溶胶－凝胶法、嵌入法和纳米微粒填充法．纳米复合材料的光学和磁学等性能可用Ｍａｘｗｅｌ形态理论、层状结构理论和分形结构理论等来研究．这类材料已在力学、热学、电学、磁学、光学、宇航和生物仿生等领域表现出广泛的应用前景． The latest development of organic-inorganic nanocomposites is reviewed, including preparation methods, performance studies and application prospects of these materials. The three main nanocomposite technologies are sol-gel, inlay and nanoparticle filling. Optical and magnetic properties of nanocomposites can be studied using Maxwel’s morphology theory, layered structure theory and fractal theory. Such materials have shown a wide range of applications in mechanics, thermal, electrical, magnetism, optics, aerospace and biomimetic fields.