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民事证据收集的主体包括当事人、代理律师、法院三者,而并不包括检察机关。证据收集主体与对象之间的关系应定位于分工与协作,其中分工是前提,协作是本质与核心。证据收集程序中的协作具有双重内涵,其中证据收集主体与对象之间的协作更具有实质意义。证据收集主体与对象所负协作义务的法理依据各有不同,但其共同的深层依据则在于诉讼各方主体所负的“诉讼协力义务”。诉讼模式从“辩论主义”向“协同主义”转变的历史背景,为各主体在证据收集领域的“诉讼协力义务”奠定了正当性基础。
The main body of civil evidence collection includes parties, attorneys and courts, and does not include procuratorial organs. The relationship between the subject and the object of evidence collection should be located in the division of labor and cooperation. The division of labor is the premise and the cooperation is the essence and the core. Collaboration in the procedure of evidence collection has double connotations, and the collaboration between the subject of evidence collection and the object is of more substantive significance. The jurisprudence basis of the obligations of the subjects of the collection of evidence collection are different from each other, but their common underlying lies in the “litigation obligation” of the parties to the litigation. The historical background of the litigation mode changing from “debate ” to “synergy ” has laid the foundation of legitimacy for each subject ’s “litigation synergy” in the field of evidence collection.