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蒸发是在液体表面进行的汽化,可在任何温度下进行。和晶体熔解一样,液体汽化也是一种恒温过程。但是,初中物理课本第二册第77至78页上写到:“液体蒸发时还产生一种现象,就是液体的温度降低”。并且列举实验说明“液体蒸发时温度降低,说明它要从周围的物体吸收热量,因此液体蒸发有致冷作用”。与初中物理课本配套的教学参考书(人教社物理室编)第89页上也写到:“液体蒸发时要从周围物体吸收热量,从而使自己及周围物体的温度降低”。
Evaporation is vaporization on the surface of the liquid and can be performed at any temperature. As with crystal melting, liquid vaporization is also a constant temperature process. However, on pages 77 to 78 of Book 2 of the junior high school physics textbook, “A phenomenon occurs when the liquid evaporates, that is, the temperature of the liquid decreases.” And enumerated experiments that “the temperature is reduced when the liquid evaporates, indicating that it will absorb heat from the surrounding objects, so the liquid evaporation has a cooling effect.” The teaching reference book for the junior high school physics textbook (Personal Education Agency’s Physics Division) on page 89 also states: “When the liquid evaporates, it absorbs heat from the surrounding objects, thereby lowering the temperature of itself and surrounding objects.”