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通过分析湖北省神农架林区2011-2015年肺结核的发病特征及流行规律,为进一步预防和控制肺结核提供依据.结果显示,神农架林区2011-2015年共报告肺结核患者271例,年均报告发病率为68.25/10万(271/396 070);2011年发病率为74.92/10万,2012年发病率为69.16/10万,2013年发病率为69.06/10万,2014年发病率为63.09/10万,2015年发病率为64.91/10万.271例患者中发病时间以3月份最多,占12.18％(33/271);5月份最少,占4.06％(11/271).271例患者中,男性占71.22％(193/271);女性占28.78％(78/271),男∶女=2.47∶1,差异有统计学意义(x2=41.36,P＜0.01).271例患者中以35～岁与45～年龄组居多,占38.01％(103/271);农民占61.25％(166/271).因此,神农架林区肺结核防治应继续严格实施现代结核病控制策略,巩固“三位一体”的结核病防治体系,工作的重点应放在农村地区和农民.“,”To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Shennongjia,Hubei from 2011 to 2015,and to provide evidence for further prevention and control of tuberculosis.The results showed that there were 271 pulmonary TB cases reported in Shennongjia during 2011-2015,resulting an average annual reported incidence of 68.25/100 000 (271/396 070).The incidence was 74.92/100 000 in 2011,69.16/100 000 in 2012,69.06/100 000 in 2013,63.09/100 000 in 2014 and 64.91/100 000 in 2015 respectively.Among the 271 patients,the most frequent time of onset was in March (12.18％ (33/271)),while the lowest incidence was observed in May (4.06％ (11/271)).Of the patients,71.22％ (193/271) were males,and 28.78％ (78/271) were females,yielding a male:female ratio of 2.47 ∶ 1.The difference in gender was statistically significant (x2 =41.36,P＜0.01).Among the 271 patients,the majority were aged 35-and 45-years,accounting for 38.01％ (103/271).Farmers accounted for 61.25％ (166/271).Therefore,prevention and treatment of pulmonary TB in Shennongjia should continue to strictly implement modern TB control strategy and to consolidate the “Trinity” TB prevention and control system.Furthermore,the work should focus on rural areas and farmers.