一、几个国家社会科发展概述(一 )美国1 91 6年 ,美国初中学校正式开设社会课 ,其宗旨是养成美国人的国家意识和公民意识。其课程目标是“让学生理解社会生活的本质及其原则 ,培养学生为了社会的进步 ,具备积极投身社会事业的知识和意志”。为此 ,在学习指导中 ,强调针对学生直 I. Overview of the development of social sciences in several countries (1) In the United States, in 1966, junior high schools in the United States officially opened social classes. Their purpose was to cultivate American national consciousness and civic awareness. Its curriculum aims to “let students understand the nature of social life and its principles, and develop students’ knowledge and will to actively participate in social undertakings for the sake of social progress.” To this end, in the study guidance,