论文部分内容阅读
Article by
Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury
Former Under-Secretary-General and High Representative
of the United Nations
Sep 7， 2015
Translated by Guo Juanjuan
This week， for the fourth time in a row， the annual gathering of the apex intergovernmental body of the United Nation deliberating on peace and non-violence will take place at the U.N. headquarters in New York.
President of the ongoing 69th session of the General Assembly Mr. Sam Kahamba Kutesa has convened the fourth U.N. High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace on Sep. 9.
This daylong event is an opportunity for U.N. Member States， U.N. system entities， media and civil society interested in discussing the ways and means to promote the Culture of Peace and to join the discourse on strengthening the global movement for the implementation of the U.N. Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace as adopted by consensus by the General Assembly on Sep. 13， 1999.
It also creates a platform for various stakeholders to have an exchange on the emerging trends and policies that can significantly impact on advancing the culture of peace.
本周将在位于纽约的联合国总部举行第四届和平与非暴力商讨。
第69届联合国大会主席萨姆·库泰萨先生将于9月9日组织召开第4届“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”。
这一论坛为有志于商讨推动和平文化途径与方法的联合国成员国、联合国系统实体机构、媒体单位以及民间团体提供一次机遇，讨论加强实施1999年9月13日联合国大会一致通过的《联合国和平文化宣言和行动纲领》的行动计划。
同时，为各利益相关方创建一个平台，可就新兴趋势以及可对推动和平文化产生重大影响的政策交流意见。
Historical context
历史背景
The adoption of the Declaration and Programme of Action on Culture of Peace was a watershed event as a possible response to the evolving dynamics of global war and security strategies in a post-Cold War world. It has been an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of the Declaration and Programme of Action.
This historic norm-setting document is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. I would always treasure and cherish that. For me this has been a realisation of my personal commitment to peace and my humble contribution to humanity.
In the responsibility that the United Nations – as the only universal body – must shoulder in fulfilling its Charter obligation of maintaining international peace and security worldwide， stronger focus on prevention and peace building is essential.
The United Nations needs to be more than a fire brigade rushing in to put out the conflagrations and then withdraw from the scene without doing anything to ensure that fires do not break out again. 《联合国和平文化宣言和行动纲领》的通过具有转折性意义，是对冷战后全球战争动态与安全战略的一个可能性回应。我有幸主持了长达9个月的商讨，并最终促成了该宣言和行动纲领的通过。
这一具有历史意义的规范性文件是联合国最为重要的遗产之一，将影响我们的子子孙孙。我会对此永远充满珍惜和珍爱之情。对我而言，这实现了我个人对和平的承诺，以及我对人类的卑微贡献。
就责任而言，联合国作为唯一的全球性机构必须承担起《联合国宪章》规定的义务，维护全球和平与国际安全，将加强预防与和平建设作为工作重点。
联合国应该不仅仅限于充当冲入火灾现场扑灭火灾的消防队，不应该在灭火后从现场撤离，而不采取任何措施防止火情再次发生。
In a historical perspective it is worthwhile to note that asserting and re-affirming the commitment of the totality of the United Nations membership to build the Culture of Peace， the General Assembly has been adopting resolutions on the subject every year since 1997.
The Assembly， through its annual substantive resolutions， has highlighted the priority it attaches to the full and effective implementation of these visionary decisions which are universally applicable and sought after by the vast majority of all peoples in every nation. It recognises the need for continuous support to the strengthening of the global movement to promote the Culture of Peace， as envisaged by the United Nations， particularly in the current global context.
The Forum in 2013 included Ministerial level participation and at its 68th session， the General Assembly adopted， by consensus， Resolution 68/125 on “Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace”， which was co-sponsored by 105 Member States.
从历史角度来看，值得注意的是主张和重申联合国全体成员国对构建和平文化的承诺。1997年起，联合国大会每年都通过有关和平文化的决议。
联合国大会通过其年度实质性决议强调了对充分有效地实施这些具有远瞻性决议的重视。这些决议具有普遍适用性，是各国大多数人民积极寻求的结果。联合国大会认识到必须不断支持加强全球行动以推动和平文化，特别是在当前全球环境下。这也正如联合国的设想。
2013年“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”部长级会议，以及由105个成员国联合主办的联合国大会第68次会议一致同意通过“和平文化宣言和行动纲领（续）”68/125号决议。
This year the keynote speaker at the Forum is the fifth grandson of Mahatma Gandhi， Mr. Arun Gandhi， who prides calling himself “The Peace Farmer” as he sows the seeds of peace and non-violence following the footsteps of his grandfather whose birthday on Oct. 2 is observed by the United Nations and the international community as the International Day of Non-Violence.
He builds on the message of last year’s keynote speaker Ms. Leymah Gbowee， 2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who is a global legend leading civil society activism for peace and equality. Of course， Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will join the Forum at the opening with his ardent advocacy for the culture of peace.
The 2015 Forum will comprise of two multi-stakeholders interactive panels which will focus on： （1） “Promotion of the Culture of Peace in the context of the Post-2015 sustainable development agenda； and （2） “Role of the media in the promotion of the culture of peace”. This High Level Forum is taking place at a time of some of the worst violence against civilians we have seen in recent years. Clearly， the hope that the new millennium would be a harbinger of peace has turned out to be rather misplaced.
今年和平论坛的主旨发言人是圣雄甘地的第五个孙子阿伦·甘地先生。阿伦·甘地自豪地称呼自己为“和平耕种者”，因为他跟随祖父的脚步播种了和平与非暴力的种子。圣雄甘地的生辰日10月2日被联合国以及国际社会定为“国际非暴力日”。
他的演讲延续并扩展了去年论坛主旨发言人莱伊曼·古博韦女士的演讲内容。莱伊曼·古博韦女士是2011年诺贝尔和平奖获得者，是全球领导公民社会运动推动和平与平等的传奇人物。当然，联合国秘书长潘基文将参加论坛开幕式，表达对和平文化的热烈拥护。
2015年“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”包括多利益相关者的两大互动版块，将主要集中在（1）在2015年后可持续发展议程背景下推动和平文化；（2）媒体在推动和平文化中的作用。
此次高级别论坛的召开正值近年来我们目睹民众遭受最严重暴力事件之际。显然，新千年成为和平预兆的希冀被证明是相当错误的。
The lesson in this， I believe， is that however much the world around us changes， we cannot achieve peace without a change in our own minds， and thereby in the global consciousness.
The wealth and the technology can only open up the opportunity to better the world. We must have the mind to seize that opportunity； we must have the culture of peace developed in each one of us both as an individual as well as a member of the global society.
Also， we must remember that technology and wealth can be put to destructive use too. The difference between war and peace， between poverty and prosperity， between death and life， is essentially prompted in our minds.
我认为现实的教训是无论世界如何变化，我们不改变思想以及全球意识，和平就不会达成。
经济的发展以及技术的进步只是增加了让世界更美好的机会。我们应该培养紧握这个机会的意识，让和平文化在每个人头脑中扎根，无论是作为个体，还是作为全球社会的一员。
同时，我们还应牢记技术进步与经济发展也可用破坏性事业。战争与和平、贫穷与富裕、以及生存与死亡之间的差异主要缘于意识。
Why the culture of peace？
和平文化的重要性
Peace is integral to human existence — in everything we do， in everything we say and in every thought we have， there is a place for peace. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult. I believe that is why it is very important that we need to keep our focus on creating the culture of peace in our lives.
One lesson I have learned in my life over the years is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself – the values of non-violence， tolerance， human rights and democratic participation will have to be germinated in every man and woman – children and adults alike.
When we see what is happening around us， we realise the urgent need for promoting the culture of peace – peace through dialogue – peace through non-violence. In a world where tragedy and despair seem to be everywhere， there is an urgent need – if not an imperative – for a global culture of peace. Each of us can make an active choice each day through seemingly small acts of love， compassion， forgiveness， empathy， cooperation or understanding， thereby contributing to the culture of peace. Eminent proponents of peace have continued to highlight that the culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society.
In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilisation based on inner oneness and outer diversity.
和平是人类存在不可或缺的一部分——存在于我们的一切行为之中，存在于我们的一切言语之中，存在于我们的一切思维之中。缺乏和平，我们的挑战与奋斗将充满更多困难。我相信，这就是为什么我们需要在生活中重点创建和平文化的原因。
我在生命历程中学到的重要一课就是为了阻止战争的历史和冲突的历史重演，非暴力、宽容、人权和民主参与等价值观应在每个人的意识中生根发芽，无论男女老少。
看一下身边所发生的事情，我们就会意识到推动和平文化的迫切需要——通过对话促进和平、通过非暴力实现和平。在到处充满悲剧和绝望的世界，全球和平文化即使不是当务之急，也是迫切需要。
我们每个人每天可以通过表达爱、同情、宽恕、合作与理解等看似微小的行为，作出积极主动的选择，从而对和平文化作出贡献。和平的杰出倡导者不断强调和平文化应成为新型国际社会的基础。
在当今世界更是如此，和平文化应被视为基于内在统一性和外在多样性的全新人道主义和全新世界文明的本质。
Another reality that emerges very distinctly in culture of peace is that we should never forget when women – half of world’s seven billion plus people – are marginalised and their equality is not established in all spheres of human activity， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
I would reiterate that women in particular have a major role to play in promoting the culture of peace in our violence-ridden societies， thereby bringing in lasting peace and reconciliation. While women are often the first victims of armed conflict， they must also and always be recognised as key to the resolution of the conflict.
I believe with all my conviction that without peace， development is not possible， without development， peace is not achievable， but without women， neither peace nor development can be realised.
和平文化突显的另一个现实是，我们永远不应该忘记如果全球一半人口以上的女性被边缘化，她们在人类活动的所有领域不能得以同等对待，那么我们就无法实现真正意义上的持久和平。
在此我要重申，女性在暴力肆虐的社会中在促进和平文化中发挥尤为重要的作用，从而带来持久和平与和解。女性通常是武力冲突中的首要受害者，应该被认定为解决冲突的关键。
我坚信，没有和平，发展无法实现；没有发展，和平无法维护。但是没有女性，和平与发展都无法实现。
Integral connection between development
and peace
发展与和平的整体连接
In today’s world we continue to perceive an inherent paradox that needs our attention. The process of globalisation has created an irreversible trend toward a global integrated community， while at the same time， divisions and distrust keep on manifesting in different and complex ways.
Disparities and inequalities within and among nations have been causing insecurity and uncertainty that has become an unwanted reality in our lives. That is why I strongly believe that peace and development are two sides of the same coin. One is meaningless without the other； one cannot be achieved without the other. 在当今世界，人们意识中的内在悖论值得我们注意。全球化进程使得全球一体化社区成为不可逆转的趋势，而同时分裂与不信任以不同且复杂的方式出现。
国家内部和国家之间的差距与不平等现象引起了不安全感和不确定性，这已经成为我们生活中遭人弃的现实。这也是我坚定地认为和平与发展是同一枚硬币的两面的原因。离开了一面，另一面就变得毫无意义，两者相互依赖。
Education as the most critical element
in the culture of peace
教育：和平文化最关键因素
A key ingredient in building the culture of peace is education. Peace education needs to be accepted in all parts of the world， in all societies and countries as an essential element in creating the culture of peace.
The young of today deserve a radically different education –“one that does not glorify war but educates for peace， non-violence and international cooperation.” They need the skills and knowledge to create and nurture peace for their individual selves as well as for the world they belong to.
As Maria Montessori had articulated so appropriately， “Those who want a violent way of living， prepare young people for that； but those who want peace have neglected their young children and adolescents and that way are unable to organize them for peace.”
It is being increasingly realised that over-emphasis on cognitive learning in schools at the cost of developing children’s emotional， social， moral and humanistic aspects has been a costly mistake.
创建和平文化的一个关键因素是教育。作为创建和平文化的关键因素，和平教育应该在全球各地、社区和国家开展。
今天的青年人应该接受完全不同的教育——“不美化战争的教育，灌输和平、非暴力与国际合作的教育”。他们需要创建和培育和平的技能和知识，为了他们个人，也为了他们身处的世界。
正如玛利亚·蒙台梭利恰如其分的表述一样，“希望暴力生活方式的人会培养年轻人为暴力生活方式做准备；而渴望和平的人却忽略了对青少年的教育，这样是无法组织青年人为和平而斗争的。”
越来越多的人意识到，过度强调认知学习，而以牺牲儿童的情感、社会、道德和人文教育为代价的做法是一个代价极高的错误。
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted at the very first High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace in 2012 that “…. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.”
In this context， I commend the initiative of the Soka University of America located near Los Angeles in initiating in 2014 its annual “Dialogue on The Culture of Peace and Non-Violence” as an independent， unbiased， non-partisan， intellectual forum to outline avenues and direction for incorporating the culture of peace and non-violence into all spheres of the educational experience.
Never has it been more important for us to learn about the world and understand its diversity. The task of educating children and young people to find non-aggressive means to relate with one another is of primary importance. As I had underscored at the conference hosted by the Hague Appeal for Peace on “Educating toward a World without Violence” in Albania in 2004， “the participation of young people in this process is very essential. Their inputs in terms of their own ideas on how to cooperate with each other in order to eliminate violence in our societies must be fully taken into account.”
Peace education is more effective and meaningful when it is adopted according to the social and cultural context and the country’s needs and aspirations. It should be enriched by its cultural and spiritual values together with the universal human values.
联合国秘书长潘基文在2012年“和平文化高级别论坛”上曾表示“……我们在此讨论如何创建和平文化。我提出一个简单的解决方案：教育。通过教育，我们可以教导孩子们不怀仇恨；通过教育，我们可以培养胸怀智慧和同情心的领导人；通过教育，我们可以建立真正持久的和平文化。”
在此，我要表彰位于洛杉矶的美国创价大学。该大学2014年发起年度“和平文化与非暴力对话”这一独立、公正、无党派偏见的文化论坛，已明确把和平文化与非暴力融入教育各领域的途径和方向。
对我们来讲，了解我们所生活的世界及其多样性从未如此重要。教育儿童和青少年寻求不具侵犯性的方式互相了解交往，这一任务是重中之重。
“海牙和平呼吁”组织于2004年在阿尔巴尼亚召开了“为无暴力世界而教育”会议，我在会上强调，“青年人参与这一过程非常必要。他们的付出，他们对如何相互合作配合以消除社会中的暴力行为的想法应该得到我们的充分考虑。”
如果依据社会文化环境、本国需求与愿景实施和平教育，那么它就会更为有效、意义也更重大。和平教育应该得到文化精神价值以及普世人类价值观的丰富充实。
It should also be globally relevant. The Hague Agenda for Peace and Justice rightly emphasises that “…culture of peace will be achieved when citizens of the world understand global problems； have the skills to resolve conflicts constructively； know and live by international standards of human rights， gender and racial equality； appreciate cultural diversity； and respect the integrity of the Earth.”
Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace.
The U.N. Secretary-General’s Global Education First Initiative’s essential objective is to promote global citizenship as the main objective of education. Connecting the role of individuals to broader global objectives， Dr. Martin Luther King Junior affirmed that “An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity.”
Let me conclude by asserting that to turn the culture of peace into a global， universal movement， basically all that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess.
Whether it is at events like the annual High Level Forums， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
和平教育应该在全球范围内开展。《海牙和平与正义议程》强调，“……只有全球的民众理解了全球问题，具备了建设性化解冲突的技能，了解并遵守国际人权、性别、民族平等的标准，认同文化多样性，尊重地球的整体性，和平文化才能实现。”
事实上，和平教育应该更恰当地被称为“全球公民教育”。没有充分、持续、系统的和平教育，关于和平的学习就不可能实现。
联合国秘书长提出的“首个全球教育倡议“的基本目标是促进全球公民成为教育的主要目标。把每一个个体连接起来，形成更广泛的全球目标。马丁·路德·金博士曾言，“一个人并未真正开始生活，除非他超越自我顾虑的狭隘限制而关注整个人类的关切”。
在即将结束的时候，我想说的是要把和平文化变为一个全球性的普遍运动，最基本的是要求我们每个人成为和平与非暴力的真正信仰者，并践行我们的信仰。
无论是在像年度高级别论坛这样的盛会，还是在做礼拜的地方，还是在学校或是我们的家里，我们都可以通过个人的决心和行动来推动和平文化。和平与非暴力应该成为我们日常生活的一部分。这才是我们在全球实现公正与持久和平的唯一途径。
The article is originally printed at（本文原载于）
http：//www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/opinion-promoting-culture-of-peace-through-dialogue-part-one/
http：//www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/opinion-womens-major-role-in-culture-of-peace-part-two/
Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury
Former Under-Secretary-General and High Representative
of the United Nations
Sep 7， 2015
Translated by Guo Juanjuan
This week， for the fourth time in a row， the annual gathering of the apex intergovernmental body of the United Nation deliberating on peace and non-violence will take place at the U.N. headquarters in New York.
President of the ongoing 69th session of the General Assembly Mr. Sam Kahamba Kutesa has convened the fourth U.N. High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace on Sep. 9.
This daylong event is an opportunity for U.N. Member States， U.N. system entities， media and civil society interested in discussing the ways and means to promote the Culture of Peace and to join the discourse on strengthening the global movement for the implementation of the U.N. Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace as adopted by consensus by the General Assembly on Sep. 13， 1999.
It also creates a platform for various stakeholders to have an exchange on the emerging trends and policies that can significantly impact on advancing the culture of peace.
本周将在位于纽约的联合国总部举行第四届和平与非暴力商讨。
第69届联合国大会主席萨姆·库泰萨先生将于9月9日组织召开第4届“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”。
这一论坛为有志于商讨推动和平文化途径与方法的联合国成员国、联合国系统实体机构、媒体单位以及民间团体提供一次机遇，讨论加强实施1999年9月13日联合国大会一致通过的《联合国和平文化宣言和行动纲领》的行动计划。
同时，为各利益相关方创建一个平台，可就新兴趋势以及可对推动和平文化产生重大影响的政策交流意见。
Historical context
历史背景
The adoption of the Declaration and Programme of Action on Culture of Peace was a watershed event as a possible response to the evolving dynamics of global war and security strategies in a post-Cold War world. It has been an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of the Declaration and Programme of Action.
This historic norm-setting document is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. I would always treasure and cherish that. For me this has been a realisation of my personal commitment to peace and my humble contribution to humanity.
In the responsibility that the United Nations – as the only universal body – must shoulder in fulfilling its Charter obligation of maintaining international peace and security worldwide， stronger focus on prevention and peace building is essential.
The United Nations needs to be more than a fire brigade rushing in to put out the conflagrations and then withdraw from the scene without doing anything to ensure that fires do not break out again. 《联合国和平文化宣言和行动纲领》的通过具有转折性意义，是对冷战后全球战争动态与安全战略的一个可能性回应。我有幸主持了长达9个月的商讨，并最终促成了该宣言和行动纲领的通过。
这一具有历史意义的规范性文件是联合国最为重要的遗产之一，将影响我们的子子孙孙。我会对此永远充满珍惜和珍爱之情。对我而言，这实现了我个人对和平的承诺，以及我对人类的卑微贡献。
就责任而言，联合国作为唯一的全球性机构必须承担起《联合国宪章》规定的义务，维护全球和平与国际安全，将加强预防与和平建设作为工作重点。
联合国应该不仅仅限于充当冲入火灾现场扑灭火灾的消防队，不应该在灭火后从现场撤离，而不采取任何措施防止火情再次发生。
In a historical perspective it is worthwhile to note that asserting and re-affirming the commitment of the totality of the United Nations membership to build the Culture of Peace， the General Assembly has been adopting resolutions on the subject every year since 1997.
The Assembly， through its annual substantive resolutions， has highlighted the priority it attaches to the full and effective implementation of these visionary decisions which are universally applicable and sought after by the vast majority of all peoples in every nation. It recognises the need for continuous support to the strengthening of the global movement to promote the Culture of Peace， as envisaged by the United Nations， particularly in the current global context.
The Forum in 2013 included Ministerial level participation and at its 68th session， the General Assembly adopted， by consensus， Resolution 68/125 on “Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace”， which was co-sponsored by 105 Member States.
从历史角度来看，值得注意的是主张和重申联合国全体成员国对构建和平文化的承诺。1997年起，联合国大会每年都通过有关和平文化的决议。
联合国大会通过其年度实质性决议强调了对充分有效地实施这些具有远瞻性决议的重视。这些决议具有普遍适用性，是各国大多数人民积极寻求的结果。联合国大会认识到必须不断支持加强全球行动以推动和平文化，特别是在当前全球环境下。这也正如联合国的设想。
2013年“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”部长级会议，以及由105个成员国联合主办的联合国大会第68次会议一致同意通过“和平文化宣言和行动纲领（续）”68/125号决议。
This year the keynote speaker at the Forum is the fifth grandson of Mahatma Gandhi， Mr. Arun Gandhi， who prides calling himself “The Peace Farmer” as he sows the seeds of peace and non-violence following the footsteps of his grandfather whose birthday on Oct. 2 is observed by the United Nations and the international community as the International Day of Non-Violence.
He builds on the message of last year’s keynote speaker Ms. Leymah Gbowee， 2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who is a global legend leading civil society activism for peace and equality. Of course， Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will join the Forum at the opening with his ardent advocacy for the culture of peace.
The 2015 Forum will comprise of two multi-stakeholders interactive panels which will focus on： （1） “Promotion of the Culture of Peace in the context of the Post-2015 sustainable development agenda； and （2） “Role of the media in the promotion of the culture of peace”. This High Level Forum is taking place at a time of some of the worst violence against civilians we have seen in recent years. Clearly， the hope that the new millennium would be a harbinger of peace has turned out to be rather misplaced.
今年和平论坛的主旨发言人是圣雄甘地的第五个孙子阿伦·甘地先生。阿伦·甘地自豪地称呼自己为“和平耕种者”，因为他跟随祖父的脚步播种了和平与非暴力的种子。圣雄甘地的生辰日10月2日被联合国以及国际社会定为“国际非暴力日”。
他的演讲延续并扩展了去年论坛主旨发言人莱伊曼·古博韦女士的演讲内容。莱伊曼·古博韦女士是2011年诺贝尔和平奖获得者，是全球领导公民社会运动推动和平与平等的传奇人物。当然，联合国秘书长潘基文将参加论坛开幕式，表达对和平文化的热烈拥护。
2015年“联合国和平文化高级别论坛”包括多利益相关者的两大互动版块，将主要集中在（1）在2015年后可持续发展议程背景下推动和平文化；（2）媒体在推动和平文化中的作用。
此次高级别论坛的召开正值近年来我们目睹民众遭受最严重暴力事件之际。显然，新千年成为和平预兆的希冀被证明是相当错误的。
The lesson in this， I believe， is that however much the world around us changes， we cannot achieve peace without a change in our own minds， and thereby in the global consciousness.
The wealth and the technology can only open up the opportunity to better the world. We must have the mind to seize that opportunity； we must have the culture of peace developed in each one of us both as an individual as well as a member of the global society.
Also， we must remember that technology and wealth can be put to destructive use too. The difference between war and peace， between poverty and prosperity， between death and life， is essentially prompted in our minds.
我认为现实的教训是无论世界如何变化，我们不改变思想以及全球意识，和平就不会达成。
经济的发展以及技术的进步只是增加了让世界更美好的机会。我们应该培养紧握这个机会的意识，让和平文化在每个人头脑中扎根，无论是作为个体，还是作为全球社会的一员。
同时，我们还应牢记技术进步与经济发展也可用破坏性事业。战争与和平、贫穷与富裕、以及生存与死亡之间的差异主要缘于意识。
Why the culture of peace？
和平文化的重要性
Peace is integral to human existence — in everything we do， in everything we say and in every thought we have， there is a place for peace. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult. I believe that is why it is very important that we need to keep our focus on creating the culture of peace in our lives.
One lesson I have learned in my life over the years is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself – the values of non-violence， tolerance， human rights and democratic participation will have to be germinated in every man and woman – children and adults alike.
When we see what is happening around us， we realise the urgent need for promoting the culture of peace – peace through dialogue – peace through non-violence. In a world where tragedy and despair seem to be everywhere， there is an urgent need – if not an imperative – for a global culture of peace. Each of us can make an active choice each day through seemingly small acts of love， compassion， forgiveness， empathy， cooperation or understanding， thereby contributing to the culture of peace. Eminent proponents of peace have continued to highlight that the culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society.
In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilisation based on inner oneness and outer diversity.
和平是人类存在不可或缺的一部分——存在于我们的一切行为之中，存在于我们的一切言语之中，存在于我们的一切思维之中。缺乏和平，我们的挑战与奋斗将充满更多困难。我相信，这就是为什么我们需要在生活中重点创建和平文化的原因。
我在生命历程中学到的重要一课就是为了阻止战争的历史和冲突的历史重演，非暴力、宽容、人权和民主参与等价值观应在每个人的意识中生根发芽，无论男女老少。
看一下身边所发生的事情，我们就会意识到推动和平文化的迫切需要——通过对话促进和平、通过非暴力实现和平。在到处充满悲剧和绝望的世界，全球和平文化即使不是当务之急，也是迫切需要。
我们每个人每天可以通过表达爱、同情、宽恕、合作与理解等看似微小的行为，作出积极主动的选择，从而对和平文化作出贡献。和平的杰出倡导者不断强调和平文化应成为新型国际社会的基础。
在当今世界更是如此，和平文化应被视为基于内在统一性和外在多样性的全新人道主义和全新世界文明的本质。
Another reality that emerges very distinctly in culture of peace is that we should never forget when women – half of world’s seven billion plus people – are marginalised and their equality is not established in all spheres of human activity， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
I would reiterate that women in particular have a major role to play in promoting the culture of peace in our violence-ridden societies， thereby bringing in lasting peace and reconciliation. While women are often the first victims of armed conflict， they must also and always be recognised as key to the resolution of the conflict.
I believe with all my conviction that without peace， development is not possible， without development， peace is not achievable， but without women， neither peace nor development can be realised.
和平文化突显的另一个现实是，我们永远不应该忘记如果全球一半人口以上的女性被边缘化，她们在人类活动的所有领域不能得以同等对待，那么我们就无法实现真正意义上的持久和平。
在此我要重申，女性在暴力肆虐的社会中在促进和平文化中发挥尤为重要的作用，从而带来持久和平与和解。女性通常是武力冲突中的首要受害者，应该被认定为解决冲突的关键。
我坚信，没有和平，发展无法实现；没有发展，和平无法维护。但是没有女性，和平与发展都无法实现。
Integral connection between development
and peace
发展与和平的整体连接
In today’s world we continue to perceive an inherent paradox that needs our attention. The process of globalisation has created an irreversible trend toward a global integrated community， while at the same time， divisions and distrust keep on manifesting in different and complex ways.
Disparities and inequalities within and among nations have been causing insecurity and uncertainty that has become an unwanted reality in our lives. That is why I strongly believe that peace and development are two sides of the same coin. One is meaningless without the other； one cannot be achieved without the other. 在当今世界，人们意识中的内在悖论值得我们注意。全球化进程使得全球一体化社区成为不可逆转的趋势，而同时分裂与不信任以不同且复杂的方式出现。
国家内部和国家之间的差距与不平等现象引起了不安全感和不确定性，这已经成为我们生活中遭人弃的现实。这也是我坚定地认为和平与发展是同一枚硬币的两面的原因。离开了一面，另一面就变得毫无意义，两者相互依赖。
Education as the most critical element
in the culture of peace
教育：和平文化最关键因素
A key ingredient in building the culture of peace is education. Peace education needs to be accepted in all parts of the world， in all societies and countries as an essential element in creating the culture of peace.
The young of today deserve a radically different education –“one that does not glorify war but educates for peace， non-violence and international cooperation.” They need the skills and knowledge to create and nurture peace for their individual selves as well as for the world they belong to.
As Maria Montessori had articulated so appropriately， “Those who want a violent way of living， prepare young people for that； but those who want peace have neglected their young children and adolescents and that way are unable to organize them for peace.”
It is being increasingly realised that over-emphasis on cognitive learning in schools at the cost of developing children’s emotional， social， moral and humanistic aspects has been a costly mistake.
创建和平文化的一个关键因素是教育。作为创建和平文化的关键因素，和平教育应该在全球各地、社区和国家开展。
今天的青年人应该接受完全不同的教育——“不美化战争的教育，灌输和平、非暴力与国际合作的教育”。他们需要创建和培育和平的技能和知识，为了他们个人，也为了他们身处的世界。
正如玛利亚·蒙台梭利恰如其分的表述一样，“希望暴力生活方式的人会培养年轻人为暴力生活方式做准备；而渴望和平的人却忽略了对青少年的教育，这样是无法组织青年人为和平而斗争的。”
越来越多的人意识到，过度强调认知学习，而以牺牲儿童的情感、社会、道德和人文教育为代价的做法是一个代价极高的错误。
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted at the very first High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace in 2012 that “…. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.”
In this context， I commend the initiative of the Soka University of America located near Los Angeles in initiating in 2014 its annual “Dialogue on The Culture of Peace and Non-Violence” as an independent， unbiased， non-partisan， intellectual forum to outline avenues and direction for incorporating the culture of peace and non-violence into all spheres of the educational experience.
Never has it been more important for us to learn about the world and understand its diversity. The task of educating children and young people to find non-aggressive means to relate with one another is of primary importance. As I had underscored at the conference hosted by the Hague Appeal for Peace on “Educating toward a World without Violence” in Albania in 2004， “the participation of young people in this process is very essential. Their inputs in terms of their own ideas on how to cooperate with each other in order to eliminate violence in our societies must be fully taken into account.”
Peace education is more effective and meaningful when it is adopted according to the social and cultural context and the country’s needs and aspirations. It should be enriched by its cultural and spiritual values together with the universal human values.
联合国秘书长潘基文在2012年“和平文化高级别论坛”上曾表示“……我们在此讨论如何创建和平文化。我提出一个简单的解决方案：教育。通过教育，我们可以教导孩子们不怀仇恨；通过教育，我们可以培养胸怀智慧和同情心的领导人；通过教育，我们可以建立真正持久的和平文化。”
在此，我要表彰位于洛杉矶的美国创价大学。该大学2014年发起年度“和平文化与非暴力对话”这一独立、公正、无党派偏见的文化论坛，已明确把和平文化与非暴力融入教育各领域的途径和方向。
对我们来讲，了解我们所生活的世界及其多样性从未如此重要。教育儿童和青少年寻求不具侵犯性的方式互相了解交往，这一任务是重中之重。
“海牙和平呼吁”组织于2004年在阿尔巴尼亚召开了“为无暴力世界而教育”会议，我在会上强调，“青年人参与这一过程非常必要。他们的付出，他们对如何相互合作配合以消除社会中的暴力行为的想法应该得到我们的充分考虑。”
如果依据社会文化环境、本国需求与愿景实施和平教育，那么它就会更为有效、意义也更重大。和平教育应该得到文化精神价值以及普世人类价值观的丰富充实。
It should also be globally relevant. The Hague Agenda for Peace and Justice rightly emphasises that “…culture of peace will be achieved when citizens of the world understand global problems； have the skills to resolve conflicts constructively； know and live by international standards of human rights， gender and racial equality； appreciate cultural diversity； and respect the integrity of the Earth.”
Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace.
The U.N. Secretary-General’s Global Education First Initiative’s essential objective is to promote global citizenship as the main objective of education. Connecting the role of individuals to broader global objectives， Dr. Martin Luther King Junior affirmed that “An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity.”
Let me conclude by asserting that to turn the culture of peace into a global， universal movement， basically all that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess.
Whether it is at events like the annual High Level Forums， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
和平教育应该在全球范围内开展。《海牙和平与正义议程》强调，“……只有全球的民众理解了全球问题，具备了建设性化解冲突的技能，了解并遵守国际人权、性别、民族平等的标准，认同文化多样性，尊重地球的整体性，和平文化才能实现。”
事实上，和平教育应该更恰当地被称为“全球公民教育”。没有充分、持续、系统的和平教育，关于和平的学习就不可能实现。
联合国秘书长提出的“首个全球教育倡议“的基本目标是促进全球公民成为教育的主要目标。把每一个个体连接起来，形成更广泛的全球目标。马丁·路德·金博士曾言，“一个人并未真正开始生活，除非他超越自我顾虑的狭隘限制而关注整个人类的关切”。
在即将结束的时候，我想说的是要把和平文化变为一个全球性的普遍运动，最基本的是要求我们每个人成为和平与非暴力的真正信仰者，并践行我们的信仰。
无论是在像年度高级别论坛这样的盛会，还是在做礼拜的地方，还是在学校或是我们的家里，我们都可以通过个人的决心和行动来推动和平文化。和平与非暴力应该成为我们日常生活的一部分。这才是我们在全球实现公正与持久和平的唯一途径。
The article is originally printed at（本文原载于）
http：//www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/opinion-promoting-culture-of-peace-through-dialogue-part-one/
http：//www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/opinion-womens-major-role-in-culture-of-peace-part-two/