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采用人工接种鉴定法评价72份玉米自交系对丝黑穗病的抗性。在72份自交系中高抗系18个,占25%;抗病系15个,占20.8%;中抗系12个,占16.7%。采用双列杂交方法 4的遗传交配设计,对其中11份自交系的抗病力进行配合力分析及遗传参数估算。结果表明,917-1、4F1和吉818的GCA负效应较大,昌7-2、黄早四和长3的GCA正效应较大;吉818×黄早四、917-1×黄早四、吉818×昌7-2、KD-13×昌7-2组合具有显著的负效应,黄早四×昌7-2和917-1×吉818组合具有显著正效应。玉米抗丝黑穗病基因的加性效应和显性效应同时存在,加性效应占主导。选育杂交种时不仅要考虑双亲的一般配合力,也要注重其特殊配合力的作用。要选育中抗以上类型杂交种,其双亲之一必须为抗病系。
Inbred lines of 72 maize inbred lines were evaluated for resistance to head smut by artificial inoculation. Among 72 inbred lines, 18 were highly resistant, accounting for 25%; 15 were resistant to disease, accounting for 20.8%; and 12 were moderate resistant, accounting for 16.7%. The genetic compatibility of the inbred lines of 11 inbred lines was analyzed by the genetic mating design and the analysis of genetic parameters. The results showed that the GCA negative effects of 917-1, 4F1 and Ji818 were large, and positive effects of GCA of Chang 7-2, Huangzao 4 and Chang 3 were larger. Ji’gu 818 × Huangzao 4, 917-1 × Huangzao Si , Ji 818 × Chang 7-2 and KD-13 × Chang 7-2 had a significant negative effect. Huangzao 4 × Chang 7-2 and 917-1 × Ji 818 had a significant positive effect. The additive and dominance effects of maize resistance to head smut exist simultaneously, with additive effects predominating. Breeding hybrids not only to consider the general combining ability of parents, but also pay attention to the role of its special combining ability. To breed more than anti-type hybrids, one of their parents must be resistant lines.