论文部分内容阅读
肿瘤免疫学作为免疫学的分支学科,其历史较短,却经历了曲折、起伏的发展历程。近年来取得了令人瞩目的实质性进展。尤其是人类肿瘤抗原的确立,使肿瘤免疫学建立在更为牢固的基础之上,并对今后的发展是一个积极的推动。 早在50年代末期,用纯系小鼠做的实验即已揭示肿瘤特异抗原的存在。因是化学致癌物诱发的小鼠肉瘤以移植排斥的方法阐明的,故又称肿瘤特异性移植抗原(TSTA)。即使是同一致癌物诱发的不同肉瘤,也有各自独特的TSTA。TSTA引起的特异肿瘤排斥反应由T淋巴细胞介导。然而对TSTA的本质多年来未能阐明。人类肿瘤抗原是否存在,则更是长期悬而未决的难题。
As a branch of immunology, tumor immunology has a short history, but it has experienced the development course of twists and turns. In recent years, remarkable and substantive progress has been made. In particular, the establishment of human tumor antigens makes tumor immunology based on a more solid foundation and is a positive push for future development. As early as the late 1950s, experiments with purely murine mice revealed the presence of tumor-specific antigens. Because chemical carcinogen-induced mouse sarcoma is clarified by transplantation rejection, it is also called tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA). Even different sarcomas induced by the same carcinogens have their own unique TSTA. The specific tumor rejection caused by TSTA is mediated by T lymphocytes. However, the essence of TSTA has not been clarified for many years. The existence of human tumor antigens is a long-standing unsolved problem.