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本文探讨了中美贸易失衡的结构特点。本文首先创建了贸易失衡的三元分解框架,将贸易失衡分解为广度、价格与数量失衡;利用1992～2008年中美HS92版本六分位贸易数据分析了中美贸易失衡的三元边际。结论发现:中国对美国数量顺差,广度与价格却是逆差;这一结论对于不同技术和行业均成立。这说明中美分工格局中,美国占据高端,中国占据低端;美国出口少量、高价、多种类商品,中国出口大量、低价、少种类商品,这是中美贸易失衡的结构特点。这一结构特点反映了中美双方发展水平的差异,短期内很难改变。
This article explores the structural features of trade imbalances between China and the United States. This paper first creates the ternary decomposition framework of trade unbalance, breaks down the unbalance of trade into breadth, and unbalances the price and quantity. Based on the trade statistics of China-US HS92 version from 1992 to 2008, this paper analyzes the ternary margin of trade imbalance between China and the United States. The conclusion is: China’s trade surplus with the United States, the breadth and price is a deficit; this conclusion for different technologies and industries are established. This shows that in the pattern of division of labor between China and the United States, the United States occupies a high-end position and China occupies a low-end position. The United States exports a small amount of goods with high prices and many kinds of goods. China exports large quantities, low prices and few kinds of goods. This is a structural feature of Sino-US trade imbalances. This structural feature reflects the differences in the level of development between China and the United States and is difficult to change in the short term.