结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是一种典型的胞内致病菌,巨噬细胞是MTB在体内的主要宿主细胞。巨噬细胞具有强大的吞噬功能,在机体固有免疫和适应性免疫中均发挥着重要作用,可有效保护宿主免受结核分枝杆菌的感染。MTB在与宿主巨噬细胞的长期相互作用过程中,逐渐形成多种逃避杀灭的有效策略,得以在宿主体内存活并增殖。该文从巨噬细胞抗MTB感染及MTB逃避巨噬细胞杀灭两个方面综述国内外的研究进展。 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a typical intracellular pathogen, and macrophages are the main host cells of MTB in the body. Macrophages have a strong phagocytic function, both in the body’s innate immunity and adaptive immunity play an important role, which can effectively protect the host from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. MTB in the process of long-term interaction with host macrophages gradually formed a variety of effective strategies to avoid killing, to survive in the host and proliferation. This review summarizes the research progress at home and abroad from two aspects: anti-MTB infection by macrophages and anti-macrophage killing by MTB.