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目的通过分析婴儿在产后第1周、4个月、6个月内纯母乳喂养情况及影响因素,探讨分时段护理干预对提高产妇母乳喂养率和依从性的作用及意义。方法将2015年1—10月在安庆市第一人民医院妇产科住院分娩的产妇200例随机分为对照组(97例)和干预组(103例),对照组予以常规入院宣教及护理,干预组在常规入院宣教及护理的基础上,及时健康宣教、哺乳姿势指导、按需哺乳鼓励、凹陷乳头纠正、乳腺管及时疏通等。记录2组产妇在产后第1周、4个月、6个月时的纯母乳喂养率。结果干预组产妇第1周纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组(χ~2=79.629,P<0.01),纯母乳喂养率干预组达到94.17%,而对照组仅为34.02%,对照组混合喂养和人工喂养比例达到60.82%和5.16%,明显高于干预组;第4个月时,干预组产妇纯母乳喂养率保持在96.12%,对照组略有回升,为67.01%,差异仍具有统计学意义(χ~2=28.768,P<0.01),对照组混合喂养和人工喂养比例分别为20.62%和12.37%,明显高于干预组;第6个月时,干预组产妇纯母乳喂养率仍保持在93.20%,而对照组纯母乳喂养率下降至30.93%,2组之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=83.333,P<0.01),对照组混合喂养和人工喂养比例分别为49.48%和19.59%,明显高于干预组。结论分时段护理干预可以提高产妇对纯母乳喂养的认识和依从性,是值得推广的有前途的有助于提高孕妇和婴幼儿身心健康的医疗措施。
Objective To analyze the infants’ exclusive breastfeeding status and its influencing factors in the first week, the fourth month and the sixth month after delivery and to explore the effect and significance of sub-time nursing intervention on improving the rate of breastfeeding and compliance. Methods One hundred and twenty cases of maternal hospitalizations delivered from January to October 2015 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People’s Hospital of Anqing City were randomly divided into control group (97 cases) and intervention group (103 cases). The control group was given routine nursing education and nursing, On the basis of routine admission education and nursing, the intervention group timely and healthy education, nursing posture guidance, breast feeding on demand, correction of concave nipple, and timely dredging of breast duct. Record 2 groups of mothers in the first week postpartum, 4 months, 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding rate. Results In the intervention group, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first week was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ ~ 2 = 79.629, P <0.01). The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 94.17% in the intervention group and 34.02% in the control group, And artificial feeding rate reached 60.82% and 5.16% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the intervention group. On the fourth month, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of the intervention group was maintained at 96.12% and the control group slightly increased to 67.01%, the difference was still statistically significant (Χ ~ 2 = 28.768, P <0.01). The proportion of mixed feeding and artificial feeding in the control group were 20.62% and 12.37% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the intervention group. At the 6th month, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of the intervention group remained (93.20%), while the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in control group decreased to 30.93%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 83.333, P <0.01). The proportions of mixed feeding and artificial feeding in control group were 49.48% 19.59%, significantly higher than the intervention group. Conclusion Nursing intervention at different time intervals can improve maternal understanding and compliance of exclusive breastfeeding and is worthy of promotion. It is a promising medical measure that can help improve the physical and mental health of pregnant women and infants and young children.