改革开放以来,中国的社会经济取得了突飞猛进的进展,到1998年已提前完成了人均国民生产总值翻两番的目标,迈入了“小康”社会,经济发展呈现出良好的增长势头。然而,我们应当清醒地看到:一方面,中国的经济还相对落后,我们需要摆脱贫困,需要完成资本积累,需要快速发展以不断缩短与发达国家的差距;另一方面,中国面临巨大的资源、生态和环境压力,我国的经济发展不可能像发达国家工业化初期那样通过扩张、掠夺世界资源及转移环境危机的方式来实现。在这种背景下,中国选择了符合国情和时代特点的发展道路,即制定了可持续发展战略。 我国正进入经济结构调整的重要转折期,既需要保持相对高速的经济增长,又要保持在可持续的水平。当前的经济增长方式对可持续发展的障碍是什么?我们应当选择、追求什么类型的经济结构才能实现可持续发展?在策略上采取什么样的步骤来调整经济结构?这些都是需要我们认真考虑的问题。 Since the reform and opening up, China’s social economy has made rapid progress. By 1998, the goal of quadrupling the GNP of the average per capita has been completed and the “moderately prosperous” society has entered into a society with a good momentum of economic growth. However, we should clearly see that on the one hand, China’s economy is still relatively backward. We need to get rid of poverty, need to complete the accumulation of capital, and need rapid development so as to continuously shorten the gap with developed countries. On the other hand, China faces enormous resources , Ecological and environmental pressures, it is impossible for our country’s economic development to be achieved through the methods of expanding, plundering world resources and transferring environmental crises, as developed countries started their industrialization. Against this background, China has chosen a development path that is characterized by its national conditions and the times, that is, formulated a strategy for sustainable development. As China is entering an important turning point in the readjustment of its economic structure, it is necessary to maintain relatively rapid economic growth as well as maintain its sustainability. What is the obstacle to the sustainable development of the current economic growth mode? What kind of economic structure should we choose to pursue to achieve sustainable development? What steps should be taken to adjust the economic structure? These are the problems that we need to seriously consider The problem.