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目的针对丽江市2008~2013年出生缺陷检测结果进行整理,对不同民族间出生缺陷的类型、发生率以及发展趋势进行比较和分析。方法按中国出生缺陷检测中心指定的出生缺陷诊断标准对围产儿进行监测。结果 2008~2013年共有活产儿67 425例,发生出生缺陷445例,出生缺陷发生率为6.60‰。各民族发生率为:汉族6.28‰,纳西族6.52‰,彝族6.60‰,傈僳族7.34‰。出生缺陷前5位依次为:多指(趾),唇腭裂(包括单纯腭裂、唇裂、唇裂合并腭裂),肢体短缩,先天性脑积水,外耳畸形。男性出生缺陷发生率明显高于女性,农村地区出生缺陷发生率明显高于城镇地区。结论傈僳族的出生缺陷发生率显著高于其他民族,各民族之间出生缺陷发生率有统计学差异(χ2=13.88,P=0.001),应加强保健质量,提高产前诊断技术,降低出生缺陷发生率,提高人口素质。
Objective To analyze the detection results of birth defects in Lijiang from 2008 to 2013, and to compare and analyze the types, incidence rates and development trends of birth defects among different ethnic groups. Methods Perinatal children were monitored according to the diagnostic criteria of birth defects designated by China Center for Birth Defects Testing. Results A total of 67 425 live births were diagnosed between 2008 and 2013, with 445 birth defects and a birth defect rate of 6.60 ‰. The incidence of various ethnic groups: Han 6.28 ‰, Naxi 6.52 ‰, Yi 6.60 ‰, Lisu 7.34 ‰. The top 5 birth defects were as followed: multiple fingers (toes), cleft lip and palate (including cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate), limb shortening, congenital hydrocephalus and external ear deformity. The incidence of male birth defects was significantly higher than that of women. The incidence of birth defects in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Lisu was significantly higher than that in other ethnic groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between ethnic groups (χ2 = 13.88, P = 0.001). Quality of care should be improved, prenatal diagnosis should be improved, birth defects should be reduced Occurrence rate, improve population quality.