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电子计算机是由各种电子原件、器件所组成的一种速度快、精度高、能自动进行逻辑控制的现代化计算工具。1946年美国麻尔工学院制造成世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC,迄今仅80余年时间,电子计算机的发展速度很快,经历了电子管(1946～1957年)、晶体管(1958～1964年)、集成电路(1965～1970年)、大规模集成电路(1970年至今)四代。由于它同其它计算工具相比,具有快速运算、计算精确、“记忆”丰富、自动化程度高等优点,使过去无法解决的难题迎刃而解。
Computer is composed of a variety of electronic components, devices composed of a fast, high precision, automatic logic control of modern computing tools. In 1946, the United States Marl Institute made the world’s first electronic computer ENIAC, so far only 80 years, the rapid development of electronic computers, has experienced the tube (1946 ~ 1957), transistor (1958 ~ 1964) Integrated Circuits (1965-1970), Large Scale Integrated Circuits (1970-Present) Four generations. Compared with other computing tools, it has the advantages of fast calculation, accurate calculation, rich memory and high automation, so as to solve the problems that can not be solved in the past.