,Why is dimerization essential for class-C GPCR function? New insights from mGluR1 crystal structure

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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in eukaryotic cells signaling.According to phylogenetic analysis,most GPCRs belong to one of four classes,i.e.A,B,C,and Frizzled (Lagerstrom and Schioth,2008).The class-C GPCR family contains metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR),y-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABAB receptor or GBR),several taste-sensing receptors (e.g.TAS1),and a Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaS).One characteristic feature of the class-C GPCRs is their dimerization,either into homo-or hetero-dimers,which is obligatory for function (Kniazeff et al.,2011).
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