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世界上许多国家,对发展稻米生产极为重视。人们把水稻品种改良、水利建设和增施化肥作为发展稻米生产的三大措施,尤其是改良品种,更引起各国的注意。日本在40年代基本上实现良种化,目前共育成水稻新品种242个。美国至1975年全国已育成新品种37个。1960年,菲律宾国际稻作研究所,着手对东南亚稻作进行改良,至1975年已育成新品种11个,在亚洲、近东、非洲等15个国家推广,面积达21,587,000公顷,占这些国家稻作总面积的26％。他们的基本经验是:育种目标明确,采取杂交育种。(一)育种目标这些国家培育的水稻良种总的目标是:耐肥、抗倒、抗多种病虫害、早熟、高产、优质,适于机械化和多种自然环境条件下种植。在不同条件下,针对主要矛盾,突破重点,逐步完善。
Many countries in the world attach great importance to the development of rice production. As the three major measures for the development of rice production, improvement of rice varieties, construction of water conservancy and increase of fertilizers, especially the improvement of varieties, have drawn the attention of all countries. In the 40s, Japan basically achieved seed quality. At present, 242 new rice varieties have been bred. By 1975, the United States has bred 37 new varieties throughout the country. In 1960, the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines started to improve paddy farming in Southeast Asia. By 1975, 11 new breeds have been bred and popularized in 15 countries in Asia, the Near East and Africa with an area of 21,587,000 hectares, 26% of the total area. Their basic experience is: a clear breeding goal, to take cross breeding. (I) Breeding Targets The overall objectives of the rice seedlings cultivated in these countries are: Tolerance to fertilizer, lodging resistance, resistance to a variety of pests and diseases, precocity, high yield, good quality, suitable for mechanization and cultivation in a variety of natural environments. Under different conditions, focusing on major contradictions, breaking through the key points and gradually improving.