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为探讨馆藏浮放文物的有效防震措施,采取归类分析方法,研究了基于被动控制技术的馆藏浮放文物隔震装置的开发与应用现状。对国外各类文物隔震装置进行了汇总,探讨了隔震机理,评价了隔震效果,提出了合理化建议。结果表明,与国内相比,文物被动隔震装置的应用在国外博物馆领域相对成熟,滚轴式、滚轮式、滚珠式、滑块式、形状记忆合金式、磁石式、恒力弹簧式、叠层橡胶式等水平隔震装置已相继研发;平行链杆式、负刚度机构式、恒力弹簧式、空气弹簧式、线性导杆式以及扭簧式等竖向隔震装置已逐步应用。对这些隔震装置的合理选择和利用,可达到馆藏文物的隔震目的。此外,新技术的不断运用,使得小型化、高效化的文物隔震装置应用成为发展趋势。
In order to explore the effective anti-seismic measures for the collection of floating cultural relics, the classification and analysis method was adopted to study the status quo of the development and application of the anti-seismic device for the collection of floating cultural relics based on the passive control technology. This paper summarizes the isolation facilities of all kinds of cultural relics in foreign countries, discusses the mechanism of isolation, evaluates the effect of isolation and puts forward reasonable suggestions. The results show that, compared with the domestic, the application of cultural heritage passive isolation device is relatively mature in foreign museums. Roller, roller, ball, slider, shape memory alloy, magnet, constant force spring, Layer rubber type horizontal isolation device has been developed in succession; parallel chain, negative stiffness institutions, constant spring, air spring, linear guide rod and torsion spring vertical isolation device has been gradually applied. The rational selection and utilization of these isolation devices can achieve the purpose of isolation of the collections of cultural relics. In addition, the constant application of new technologies has made miniaturization and efficiency of cultural relics isolation devices a trend of development.